lecture 4

Question 1

What do the words Cephalocaudal
and Proximodistal mean?

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal means body matures from head to toe (ie. head starts of giant for babies then the rest of their body has to grow to catch up).

Proximodistal- development moves from center of body (abdominal mucles) outwards (using legs walking)

Question 2

How do bones start?

Answer 2

As cartilage

Question 3

What are the three mechanisms of growth?

Answer 3

1. Hereditary- genetics controling how we grow and develope
2. Sleep- 80% of growth hormon is secreted in putuetary gland while they sleep. Hormones released during sleep have an impact on mucle growth.
3. Balanced nutrition- is this child getting the nutrition they need

Question 4

how many nurons?

Answer 4

100 billion neurons

Question 5

describe the parts of the neuron

Answer 5

Dendrites (roots)
cell body
nucleus ( center)
myelin (fatty layer insalator)
synapse (conection spot to the other neurons)
axon
dendrites of other neurons

Question 6

Babinski reflex

Answer 6

If you strock a baby’s foot the toes fan out

Question 7

Palmar grasp

Answer 7

Put hand in baby’s palme they grab

Question 8

Other reflexes

Answer 8

blink
moro
rooting
palmar
stepping sucking
withdrawl - pick foot they pull away

Question 9

How many hours a day do babies sleep?

Answer 9

16-18h

Question 10

How much of babies energy is devoted to growth

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

breast feeding vs bottle feeding

Answer 11

breast:
- antibodies (less sick)
- bonding
- pumping
- cheper
bottle feeding:
- bonding
- more convient
- no antibodies but almost same nutrition

Question 12

What does synaptogenesis mean? How about synaptic pruning?

Answer 12

What are the steps of gross motor development

Question 13

Physical development steps

Answer 13

1. Sit with support
2. Sit without support (core mucles must strengthen) 3-6
3. crawling (6- 10 months)
4. pull to stand (9- 12months) (develops balence strengthens legs)
5. cruising (holding on to things walking)
6. Walking with support ( holding hands) (9-13 months)
7. let go walk on own (12-15 months)
8. 24 months can climb kick ball etc…

Question 14

In order to walk a child must be able to….

Answer 14

Differentiate: do each individual skill first

Integrate: the skills together (combine them)

Other domains of development that impacts…
Physical development: must have limbs mucles bones all developped (more freedom can walk over and fufil their desires on their own, or protect themselves from danger)

motor: walking around moving legs (more mucle tone)

Social emotional: renforcment, Supportive family, siblings (attention, game, bonding)

Cognitive:Where they want to go how their going to get there (spacial recignition, developing if then statments for walking problem solving)

enviroment? if they have toys or objects to help, safe environment, culture
this is also an developmental cascade - once you walk you can develop a lot more (ie talking)

Question 15

How does a toddlers culture impact their experience on learning to walk?

Answer 15

cultural practices around walking can speed up or slow down motor skills
Ex. Wrapped babies learn to walk later because they have limited mucle movement

Question 16

Fine motor skills 4

Answer 16

stability: Keep body steady while doing something with limbs
Bilateral coordination: me say play
sensory pr ocessing: Touch and know what th ey are touching
dexterity

Question 17

Main millstone for fine motor skills

Answer 17

purpouseful grasp
Palmar grasp being able to use full hand
raking grasp: push ob next into hand using fingers
Pinder: First finger ab and thumb
12 months babies can adjust while reaching for things
Hand dominance i s seen Using a specific hand2-3
36 months Can release objects Fran hand I at aTime