Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the 5 domains of development?

Answer 1

Physical: the way the brain body and senses growth
Motor: control over body movement
Social/Emotional: relationships/understand others emotions and behaviour as well as our own and self concepts
Cognitive: how a person thinks, reason and understands the world around them

Question 2

What is the diffrence between gross and fine motor skills?

Answer 2

Gross:large muscle movements: sitting, crawling, walking, or running.
Fine:Involve use of smaller muscles, such as grasping, object manipulation, or drawing.

Question 3

Plato’s views

Answer 3

Innate knowledge

(428-347 bce)

Question 4

Aristotle’s views

Answer 4

knowledge is rooted in experience. Learn through senses

(384-322 BCE)

Question 5

What was John Locke’s view on development and when did he live?

Answer 5

John Locke lived in the age of enlightenment and he belived an infant was a tabula rasa or blank slate. He belived that experience molds children into unique individuals. Parents must teach
Like aristotle

1632-1704

Question 6

Jean Jack Rousseau

Answer 6

newborns have an inate sense of justice and morality. Parents should be responsive and recptive of childs needs
(shared plato’s views)

1712-1778

Question 7

Industrial revolution impact on child development

Answer 7

As soon as kids didnt need constannt adult care they were considered adults. Kids started to work at 5-7 years old. Reformers tried to distiguish children from adults.

Question 8

Charles darwin theory of evolution and developmemt

Answer 8

Age related change in human behaviour coincoded with Darwin’s theory of evolutionery change

Question 9

Theorist!

G stanley hall

1844-1924

Answer 9

Theorires of child development based on evolution. Age trends… Founded scientific journal for child development
1st president of the american psycholigical assosiation

Question 10

Alfred binet

(1857-1911)

Answer 10

developed 1st mental tests

Question 11

Theorist

Sigmund freud

1856-1939

Answer 11

Psychoanalytic Theory (early
experiences are important!)
*Major contributions: stuff
that happens in
childhood is important, the unconsc
ious shapes our thoughts & behaviors
*Major oversight: he
thought development ends
after childhood, amongst
other generally disregarded things

Question 12

Theorist!

John B Watson

1878-1958

Answer 12

Founder of behaviourlism
importance of reward and punishment
lil albert
early learning theorist
based off classical conditioning (ie pavlov)

Major contributions: applied
Locke’s “tabula rasa” theory to
child development, expanded on
conditioning
*Major oversight: didn’t account
much for the “nature” side of the
debate

Question 13

Biological perspective

Answer 13

intelect personality and pysical motor skils are rooted in biology

Question 14

maturational theory: What is it and who proposed it?

Answer 14

A child’s development reflect a spesific prearraged plan in the body. Proposed by Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)
(encouraged parents to let their kuds do their own thing

discarded

Question 15

Ethological theory

Answer 15

adaptive traits have survival value
- critical to survival value

Question 16

Critical period

Answer 16

A time when a specific type of learning takes place before or after the same learning is near impossible

Question 17

Psychodynamic perspective. Who started it? Whats it about?

Answer 17

Sigmund freud
Development is determined by how well people resolve conflicts at different ages.

1. Early experiences are important
2. Children experience conflict
   between what they want to do and
   what they know they should do

Question 18

id, ego and super ego

Answer 18

id= primitive instincts and drives
ego= mediator
superego= voice of reason

Question 19

freuds psychosexual stages

Answer 19

oral 0-2
anal 2-3
phallic 3-7 ( notice diff between sexs)
latency (energies are subliminal)
genital

conflicts unresolved at a stage fucks people up

main point? early experiences have enduring effects of development kids have conflicts between what they want and what they should do

Question 20

Erik Erikson

(1902-1994)

Answer 20

psychosocial theory: personality developes in stages that are from maturation and society. Each stage is defined by a chalenge.
Majour contribution: He also thought we could develop through life.
built off feuds idea

Question 21

learning theorists who are they and what do they belive?

Answer 21

They belive that the infant’s mid is a blank slate. John B Watson was the first to apply this theory. He thought anything could be learned by almost anyone.

Question 22

BF skinner

Answer 22

operant conditioning
the consequense of a behaviour determines if its repeted.

Question 23

operant conditioning

Answer 23

pairs a behavior with a punishment or a reward

Question 24

Little albert

Answer 24

Watson

Question 25

dynamic systems

Answer 25

all of these
domains interact with each
other to impact our
development + development
impacts each domain too

Question 26

Explain the dynamic systemms of learning to speak

Answer 26

PHYSICAL/MOTOR
o Must have the
strength to form
words with tongue
or with hands
o Vocal cords must
be developed if
using voice
o Fine motor skills
must be developed
enough to move
fingers into shapes
if signing
o Impact example:
a person can
communicate their
SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL
o A person’s
emotions must be
somewhat
regulated to be
able to learn
o Language learning
often happens in
the context of
relationships
o Impact example:
a person can
communicate their
feelings and others
can communicate
their feelings to the person

COGNITIVE
o Must be able to
process
vocabulary,
grammar, and
syntax to some
extent
o Impact example:
a person may now
process their
thoughts in the
form of language
2024 child development
ENVIRONMENT
o Does the person
have people around
them to speak with
them?
o Are the people who
are teaching them to
speak emotionally
regulated?
o What language is
the person learning?
Are they in a context
where they’re
learning multiple
languages?

Question 28

James Mark Baldwin
(1861-1934)

Answer 28

Set up the first psychology lab in
Canada
*Major contributions: believed
that there should be a balance
between theory and research,
because previous baby studies
done purely through observations
were not theoretically sound and
didn’t help advance theory

Question 29

Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)

Answer 29

Major theories in cognitive
development (much more on this
later!)
*Major contributions: suggested
that cognitive development happens
in stages, children think differently
than adults, used observation
research
*Major oversight: his stages
stopped at 18, and we know now that
cognitive development keeps going

Question 30

Urie Bronfenbrenner
(1917-2005)

Answer 30

Sociocultural model
of development
Ecological Systems Theory
Major Contribution: Everything
influences everything,
interactional and intersectional
approach
Still hugely popular today! Much
more on this later

Question 31

What is the cognitive foundational theory

Answer 31

children’s thought processes develop in a stage-like way
Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development is the best-known theory
in this perspective. Children are “little scientists.

Question 32

CONTEXTUAL

Answer 32

all human development must be viewed within each person’s unique culture and the overarching systems that impact them

expanded into Bronfenbrenner’s
Ecological Systems theory, which states
that every developing child is part of a series
of complex and interactive systems

Led vygotsky