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biology > lecture #8 > Flashcards

lecture #8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the roles of cell division

A

1) reproduction
2) growth and dev
3) tissue renewal and repair (skin cells, )

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2
Q

what is chromatin

A

DNA formation when cell is not dividing: long thin threads

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3
Q

what is a chromosome

A

DNA during cell division : chromatin tightly coiled around proteins (histones)

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4
Q

what do genes determine

A

characteristics: hair, flower color

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5
Q

where are genes located

A

on chromosome

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6
Q

what is DNA made of

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

what is a gene locus

A

specific place on chromosome where gene is located

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8
Q

what are the characteritics of genes

A
  • occur on specific chromosome
  • at a specific site on the chromosome
    (like adress)
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9
Q

do all species have same amount of chromosomes

A

No

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10
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23 pairs (23 single chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad)

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11
Q

what is a karyotype

A

organised profile of a person‘s chromosomes, individuel‘s complet set of chromosomes

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12
Q

how are chromosomes arranged in karyotype

A

from largest to smallest (accept for sex chromosomes)

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13
Q

what is the genome

A

all the genetic materiel in the cell

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14
Q

what is an autosome? How many do we have?

A

a non-sex chromosome , 22 pairs

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15
Q

how many chromosomes do we have? How many of each type?

A

22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes

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16
Q

what can chromosomal alterations result in ?

A

genetic disorders

17
Q

what is xx and xy

A

xx sex chromosomes = female
xy sex chromosomes = male

18
Q

in what cells are autosomes (non reproductive chromosomes) found in

A

somatic cells (non sexual) and gametes (sex cells) , but in diff quantities

19
Q

what are somatic cells

A

cells found in the body, non-gametic cells

20
Q

what are gametes

A

egg cells and sperm cells

21
Q

what are dipoid cells, what is the symbol

A

2N, meaning come in pairs, for humans, 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs

22
Q

what type of cells are diploid cells

A

somatic cells

23
Q

what are haploid cells, what is the symbol

A

N, do not come in pairs, for humans, 23 chromosomes,

24
Q

what type of cells are haploid cells

A

gametes

25
Q

in what cells are sex chromosomes found in?

A

both types (somatic cells and gametes) but in different quantities

biology (21 decks)

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