lecture #4 carbohydrates Flashcards
what are carbohydrates
- sugars: simple and complex
how do they gives us energy?
broken down through cellular respiration
how are they stored?
As long chains for short-term energy reserves in muscles and liver in animals
what is the usual structure for a sugar
CH2O = 1:2:1 ratio
what are the simple/complex sugars
monomers= simple
polymers= complex
what are the classes of simple sugars
- Monosaccharides : monomers of carbohydrates, share the same molecular formula (C6H12O6), but arrangement of atoms differ
(know how to recongnise glucose, fructose, galactose)
- Disaccharides: 2 linked monosaccharides
what are the types disaccharides, what are they composed of
sucrose = glucose + fructose (table sugar)
lactose = glucose + galactose (milk sugar)
maltose= glucose + glucose (brewing sugar)
what is a monosaccharide
simplest carbohydrate (one piece)
what is a disaccharide
doible sugars, two monosaccharides (2 pieces linked together by covalent bonds)
what is a polysaccharide
macromolecules, polymers composed of many monosaccharides
what is the linkage between the monosaccharides in polysaccharides
glycosidik linkages
how do plants store energy (what type of storage polyssacharide do they store)
In the form of starch (molecule all oriented in the same direction)
what are the monosaccharides (learn what they look like)
glucose
galactose
fructose
what characterises each monosaccharide molecule
- glucose: 2 OH on the side, hexagone
- galactose: 1 OH , 1 H, hexagone
- fructose: 1 OH, 1 H, pentagone
how do animals store energy
glycogyne (molecules not all oriented in the same direction)