lecture #5 protein synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what does DNA look like

A

coiled

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2
Q

what is a gene

A

segment of DNA

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3
Q

Explain transcription

A

1) RNA polymerase (enzyme) bind to the gene
2) Rna polymerase copies the information of the gene to make a copy (mRNA)
mRNA IS COMPLEMENTARY TO DNA
3)mRNA (polymerase) detaches from the template strand = becomes a different strand

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4
Q

how is the mRNA compared to DNA

A

it is complementary, 1 stranded

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5
Q

what is a codon

A

Series of 3 nucleotides

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6
Q

what is start and stop codon

A

start codon codes for amino acid, not stop codon

stop codon tells when to stop

start codon = AUG

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7
Q

What is translation

A

1) mRNA and ribosome bind together
2) anti-codones is brought to the mRNA strand by tRNA (anti-codon bottom amino acid top) codes for the amino acid
3) when 2 amino acids are coded for, ribosome joins them together and moves down
4) the tRNA can then detach to repeat the process but leaves the amino acid behind
5) does this until ribosome gets to the stop codon

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8
Q

how does the polypeptide detach

A

when stop codon arrives at A site, protein called release factor binds to A site, causes water molecule to be added to hydrolyse chain from tRNA in P site

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9
Q

where are ribosomes made?

A

Nucleolus
then, ribosomes go to the cytoplasme

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10
Q

what is the difference between proteins synthesised in the cytoplasm vs in the rough ER

A

In the cytoplasm : protein might end up in the nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisome or stay in cytoplasm

  • in rough ER: might be secreted, become integral proteins, remain in the ER golgy apparatus or lysosome
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11
Q

what is the secretory pathway

A

ER rough —— golgy apparatus (sorts protein) —– lysosome or cell membrane

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12
Q

where does protein synthesis occur (ribosomes)

A

In the cytoplasm

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13
Q

what is elongation

A

succession of tRNA and their amino acids as the mRNA is moved through the ribosome one codon at a time

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14
Q

what binds to the gene and copied it

A

RNA polymerase: enzyme

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