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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 7c > Flashcards

Lecture 7c Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous tissue composition:

A

Neurons true conducting cells

Neuroglial (supporting) cells

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2
Q

Examples of neuroglial cells:

A 
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
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3
Q

Properties of Neurons:

A

Excitability
Conductivity
Secretion

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4
Q

Functional classification of neurons:

Based on the direction of conduction

A

Sensory
Motor
Interneuron

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5
Q

Specialized to detect stimuli and transmit information to CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) neuron

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6
Q

Receive signals from many different neurons and perform an integrative function “decision making” to respond to the different stimuli

A

Interneuron (association neurons)

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7
Q

Transmit the appropriate response from the interneuron to an end organ to carry out body’s response to the stimuli

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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8
Q

Parts of a Neuron

A 
Nucleus (with nucleolus)
Neuroglial cells
Cell body
Axon
Dendrites
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9
Q

Conducts impulses towards the cell body
Numerous, short, branched, and unmyelinated
Contain neurofibrils

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

Single, long, thin cylindrical, and may be myelinated

A

Axons

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11
Q

Axons ariaes at

A

Axon hillock

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12
Q

Impulses arise from

A

Initial segment (trigger zone)

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13
Q

Axons end in fine processes called

A

Axon terminals

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14
Q

Swollen tips of axons

A

Synaptic end bulbs

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15
Q

Synaptic end bulbs contain

A

Vesicles with neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Location for most protein synthesis

A

Cell body

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17
Q

Moves substances

A

Axonal transport system

18
Q

Two types of axonal transport system

A

Slow axonal

Fast axonal

19
Q

Move in one direction only - away from the cell body = anterograde
Movement at 1-5 mm per day

A

Slow axonal

20
Q

Moves organelles and materials along surface of microtubules
Movement at 200-400mm per day
Transport in either direction
For use or recycling in cell body

A

Fast axonal

21
Q

Structural classification of neurons:

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

22
Q

Most (99%) neurons in the body are

A

Multipolar

23
Q

Rare and occur in special sense organs of ear, nose, and eye

A

Bipolar neurons

24
Q

Begin as bipolar but processes fuse into one

They are primarily sensor neurons

A

Unipolar neurons

25
Q

Found in CNS and PNS

Perform a supporting function for neurons

A

Neuroglia cells

26
Q

Neuroglia cells in the CNS:

A

Oligodendroglialcytes
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia

27
Q

Neuroglia cells in PNS:

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

28
Q

Half of the volume of the CNS
Smaller cells than neutrons
50% more numerous

A

Neuroglial cells

29
Q

Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia

A

Satellite cells - PNS

30
Q

Cells encircling PNS axons

Each cell produces part of the myelin sheath surrounding an axon (only 1) in the PNS

A

Schwann cell - PNS

31
Q

Separate each Schwann cell

A

Node of Ranvier

32
Q

Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS during fetal development

A

Myelination in PNS

33
Q

Form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities and central canal

A

Ependymal cells in CNS

34
Q

Ependymal cells produce

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

35
Q

Small cells found near blood vessels
Phagocytic role
Derived from cells that also gave rise to macrophages and monocytes

A

Microglia in CNS

36
Q

Star-shaped cells
Most common glial cells
Their processes extend into the basement membrane of capillaries and pia mater

A

Astrocytes in CNS

37
Q

Functions of the Astrocytes in CNS:

A

Form blood-brain barrier
Metabolize neurotransmitters
Regulate K+ balance
Procude nutrients and structural support

38
Q

Form myelin sheath in CNS

Fewer branches than astrocytes

A

Oligodendrogliocytes - CNS

39
Q

Insulating layer around a nerve

Formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS and Schwann cells in PNS

A

Myelin

40
Q

Myelin is compose of:

A

Lipoprotein
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Cholesterol

41
Q

Process of myelin formation

A

Myelination

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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