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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 3 Part 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Between plasma membrane and nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Three elements of the cytoplasm:

A

Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions

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3
Q

Fluid (e.g. water, proteins, salts, sugats)

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

Specific functions

A

Organelles

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5
Q

Chemical substances that vary depending on cell type

A

Inclusions

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6
Q

Examples of chemical substances:

A

Glycogen
Lipid droplets
Melanin

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7
Q

Glycogen

A

Liver

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8
Q

Lipid droplets

A

Fat cells

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9
Q

Melanin

A

Skin and Hair

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10
Q

The Matrix

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Little organs

A

Organelles

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12
Q

Membrane-bound

A

Membranous

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13
Q

Examples of membranous organelles:

A 
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
ER
Golgi apparatus
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14
Q

No membrane

A

Nonmembranous

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15
Q

Examples of nonmembranous organelles:

A

Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Ribosomes

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16
Q

Scaffolding and Highways

A

Cytoskeleton

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17
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton:

A

Maintains cell shape
Protects the cell
Enables some cell movement
Intra-cellular transport

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18
Q

Network of protein fibers running throughout the cytoplasm that give a cell its shape and provide a basis for movement

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules

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19
Q

Two intertwined strands of actin protein

A

Microfilaments

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20
Q

Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables

A

Intermediate Filaments

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21
Q

Hollow tubes of tubulin

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Also called the microtubule organizing center

An area in the cell where microtubules are produced

A

Centrosomes

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23
Q

Within the cells of animals

Made of nine sets of triplet microtubules

A

Centrioles

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24
Q

Protein factory

A

Ribosomes

25
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Make proteins

26
Q

Can be found alone in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Polyribosomes

28
Q

Attached to the ER

A

Bound ribosomes

29
Q

Both house ATP

Both independent but formed symbiotic relationship with other cells

A

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

30
Q

The powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

Functions of the mitochondria:

A

Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP

32
Q

Bound by a double membrane surrounding fluid-filled matrix

A

Mirochondria

33
Q

Functions of the mitochondria:

A

Produces energy
Controls level of water and other materials in the cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

34
Q

Bounded by two membranes enclosing a fluid-filled stroma that contains enzymes

A

Chloroplast

35
Q

Where membranes inside the stroma are organized

A

Thylakoids

36
Q

Green pigment that bsorbs solar energy and carbohydrates

A

Chlorophyll

37
Q

Have membranes that are made of a lipid bilayer, with proteins

A

Endomembrane system

38
Q

The endomembrane system is a system of organelles that work to:

A

Produce, store, export bio molecules
Degrade harmful substances
Divide the cell into compartments
Transport system

39
Q

Inside the endomembrane system:

A 
Nuclear envelope
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicles
Lysosomes
40
Q

Surrounds nucleus
Made of two layers
Opening allow material to enter and leave nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane

41
Q

Manufacturers

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

42
Q

Function of the ER:

A

Internal production and delivery system of the cell

43
Q

System of membranous channels and saccules (a small sac)

A

ER

44
Q

Studded with ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis and processing

A

Rough ER

45
Q

Lacks ribosomes

Site of synthesis of phospholipids and packaging of proteins into vesicles

A

Smooth ER

46
Q

The shippers

A

Golgi apparatus

47
Q

Function of the golgi apparatus

A

Packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

48
Q

Appearance of the golgi apparatus:

A

Stack of pancakes

49
Q

Consists of a stack of curved saccules

A

Golgi apparatus

50
Q

Encloses digestive enzymes into membranes to form lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

51
Q

Protein packaging plant

Move materials within and out the cell

A

Golgi Bodies

52
Q

The Packages

A

Vesicles

53
Q

Functions of the vesicles:

A

Store, transport, or digest cellular products and waste

54
Q

Small compartments separated from the cytosol by atleast pne lipid bilayer

A

Vesicles

55
Q

Made in golgi apparatus, ER, or from parts of the plasma membrane
Form while taking in or discharging materials

A

Vesicles

56
Q

Clean-up crew

A

Lysosome

57
Q

Function of the lysosome:

A

Breakdown food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

58
Q

Contain hydrolytic enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion

A

Lysosome

59
Q

Outer membrane of the cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

A

Plasma Membrane

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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