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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Three types of anatomy

A

Gross or macroscopic
Microscopic
Developmental

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3
Q

The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

A

Physiology

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4
Q

All structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)

A

Regional

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5
Q

Gross anatomy of the body studied by system

A

Systemic

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6
Q

Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

A

Surface

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7
Q

Three types or gross anatomy

A

Regional
Systemic
Surface

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8
Q

Two types of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology

Histology

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9
Q

Study of the cell

A

Cytology

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10
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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11
Q

Traces structural changes throughout life

A

Developmental anatomy

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12
Q

The study of developmental changes of the body before birth

A

Embryology

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13
Q

Considers the operation of specific organ systems

A

Physiology

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14
Q

Focuses on the functions of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level

A

Physiology

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15
Q

Kidney function

A

Renal

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16
Q

Workings of the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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17
Q

Operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

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18
Q

Principle of Complementary

A

Structure dictates function

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19
Q

Levels of structural organization

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
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20
Q

Atoms combines to form molecules

A

Chemical

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21
Q

Cells are made of nucleus

A

Cellular

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22
Q

Consists of similar types of cells

A

Tissue

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23
Q

Made up of different types of tissues

A

Organ

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24
Q

Consists of different organs that work closely together

A

Organ System

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25
Q

Made up of organ systems

A

Organismal

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26
Q

Organ Systems

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
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27
Q

Necessary life functions

A 
Maintenance of boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
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28
Q

Survival Needs

A 
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
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29
Q

Ability to maintain a relative stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world

A

Homeostasis

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30
Q

The internal environment of the body is in

A

A dynamic state of equilibrium

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31
Q

Factors that interact to maintain homeostasis

A

Chemical
Thermal
Neural

32
Q

Involve continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors (variables)

A

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

33
Q

Accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones

A

Nervous System

Endocrine System

34
Q

Components of a Control Mechanism

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

35
Q

Monitors the environment

A

Receptor

36
Q

Determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

A

Control Center

37
Q

Receives output from control center

A

Effector

38
Q

Control Mechanism

A 
Input
Receptor
Stimulus
Output
Response
39
Q

The response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus

A

Negative Feedback

40
Q

A nervous mechanism

A

Regulation of body temperature

41
Q

An endocrine mechanism

A

Regulation of blood volume by ADH

42
Q

The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

A

Positive Feedback

43
Q

May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect

A

Positive Feedback

44
Q

Infrequent events usually controlled by positive feedback

A

Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

Platelet plug formation and blood clotting

45
Q

Disturbance of Homeostasis

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

46
Q

Disturbance of homeostasis results to:

A

Increase risk of disease
Contributes to changes associated with aging
May allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over

47
Q

Anatomical Position

A

BSFT

48
Q

Toward the head or upper part

A

Superior (Cranial)

49
Q

Toward the lower part

A

Inferior (caudal)

50
Q

Toward or at the front of the body

A

Ventral (anterior)

51
Q

Toward or at the back of the body

A

Dorsal (posterior)

52
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body

A

Medial

53
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

54
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

55
Q

Closer to the original of the body part

A

Proximal

56
Q

Farther from the origin of the body part

A

Distal

57
Q

Toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial (external)

58
Q

Away from the body surface

A

Deep (internal)

59
Q

Main part of the body:

Head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial

60
Q

Limbs attached to axis

A

Appendicular

61
Q

Types of Planes

A

Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Oblique

62
Q

Divides into right/left

A

Sagittal Plane

63
Q

Divides into anterior/posterior

A

Frontal Plane

64
Q

Divides into superior/inferior

A

Transverse Plane

65
Q

Body Cavities

A

Dorsal body cavity

Ventral body cavity

66
Q

Dorsal body cavity:

A

Cranial cavity

Spinal cavity

67
Q

Ventral body cavity:

A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

68
Q

Thoracic:

A

Lungs
Heart
Trachea
Esophagus

69
Q

Abdominopelvic:

A

Digestive
Reproductive
Urinary

70
Q

Lines ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of organs

A

Serosa

71
Q

Lines cavity wall

A

Parietal serosa

72
Q

Folds in

Covers organs in cavity

A

Visceral serosa

73
Q

Lubricates space between membranes

A

Serous fluid

74
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

75
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions

A 
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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