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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All contain CHO

A

Organic Compounds

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2
Q

Types of Organic Compounds

A 
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
ATP
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3
Q

Chainlike molecules made of repeating units called monomers

A

Polymer

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4
Q

Organic molecules are made by

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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5
Q

Removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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6
Q

Polymers are broken down by

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Contains CHO in 1:2:1 ratio

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Main fuel for cells

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10
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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11
Q

Simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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12
Q

Examples of simple sugars

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Deoxyribose

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13
Q

Double sugars

A

Disaccharides

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14
Q

Examples of double sugars

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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15
Q

Polymer (many sugars linked)

A

Polysaccharides

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16
Q

Storage carb in plants

A

Starch

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17
Q

Storage carb in animal tissues

A

Glycogen

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18
Q

Contains CHO (much more CH than O)

A

Lipids

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19
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Store energy
Cell membranes
Hormones

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20
Q

Types of lipids:

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids

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21
Q

Fatty acid + glycerol

A

Triglycerides

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22
Q

Examples of triglycerides

A

Oils

Fats

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23
Q

Types of fats:

A

Saturated
Unsaturated
Trans
Omega-3

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24
Q

Lipid bilayer in cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

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25
Q

Examples of steroids

A

Cholesterol

Hormones

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26
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Eicosanoids

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27
Q

Examples of prostaglandins:

A

Blood clotting
Blood pressure
Inflammation
Labor

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28
Q

Three fatty acid chains are bound to glycerol bu dehydration synthesis

A

Triglyceride Formation

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29
Q

Two fatty acid chains and a phosphorus-containing group are attched to the glycerol backbone

A

Phospholipid Molecule

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30
Q

Form interlocking hydrocarbon rings

A

Steroid Structure

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31
Q

Good Fats

A

Polyunsaturates

Monounsaturates

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32
Q

Bad Fats

A

Saturated

Trans

33
Q

Contains CHON (+ some SP)

A

Proteins

34
Q

Monomer protein

A

Amino acid

35
Q

Monomer protein

A

Amino acid

36
Q

Functions of Proteins:

A 
Enzymes
Hormones
Transport
Immunity
Movement
Support
37
Q

Enzymes

A

Lactase

38
Q

Hormones

A

Insulin

39
Q

Transport

A

Hemoglobin

40
Q

Immunity

A

Antibodies

41
Q

Movement

A

Muscles

42
Q

Support

A

Collagen

43
Q

Structural Levels of Proteins

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

44
Q

Amino acid sequence
Forms polypeptide
20 different amino acids

A

Primary

45
Q

Amino acids are linked by

A

Peptide Bonds

46
Q

Hydrogen bonds make spirals and sheets

A

Secondary

47
Q

Spirals

A

Alpha-helix

48
Q

Sheets

A

Beta-pleated sheet

49
Q

More folding to produce globular (compact, ball-like) molecule

A

Tertiary

50
Q

2+polypeptides

A

Quaternary

51
Q

Two types of proteins

A

Fibrous

Globular

52
Q

Structural

A

Fibrous Proteins

53
Q

Examples of fibrous proteins

A

Collagen

Keratin

54
Q

Functional

A

Globular Proteins

55
Q

Examples of Globular Proteins

A

Antibodies

Enzymes

56
Q

Proteins unfolds and loses 3D shape

A

Protein Denaturation

57
Q

Causes of protein denaturation

A

Decrease in pH

Increase in Temperature

58
Q

Change in structure results to

A

Change in function

59
Q

Contains CHONP

A

Nucleic Acids

60
Q

Monomer nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

61
Q

Components of a nucleotide

A

Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base

62
Q

Function of nucleic acids

A

Store hereditary information

63
Q

Types of nucleic acids

A

DNA

RNA

64
Q 
Instructions for building proteins
Double stranded (double helix)
A

DNA

65
Q

Sugar DNA

A

Deoxyribose

66
Q

Bases of DNA

A

A G C T

67
Q

Complimentary

A

A - T

G - C

68
Q

Carry info from DNA to ribosomes

Single-stranded

A

RNA

69
Q

Sugar RNA

A

Ribose

70
Q

Bases of RNA

A

A G C U

71
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

72
Q

Adenine base + ribose + 3 phosphates

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

73
Q

Function of ATP

A

Main energy compound of cells

74
Q

ATP =

A

ADP + Pi + energy

75
Q

Speeds up chemical reactions, but not used up or changed

A

Biological Catalyst

76
Q

Biological Catalyst lowers

A

Activation energy

77
Q

What an enzyme acts on

A

Substrate

78
Q

Where substrate binds (very specific shape to fit substrate)

A

Active site

79
Q

Enzyme are proteins affected by

A

pH

Temperature

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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