Lecture 7 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic drift

A

random fluctuations in allele frequencies

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2
Q

heterozygosity

A

the frequency of heterozygotes in a population, defined by the formula H=2p(1-p), p is the frequency of one of two alleles

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3
Q

census size

A

when estimating population size, this is the number of individuals that you count, regardless of whether they’re reproducing or not

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4
Q

effective population size (Ne)

A

the number of individuals in an ideal population where all individuals reproduce in which the rate of genetic drift would be the same as in the actual population

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5
Q

bottleneck

A

a sever, temporary reduction in population size

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6
Q

founder effect

A

genetic drift in a small colonizing population

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7
Q

inbreeding depression

A

the resulting decline in fitness and fecundity that occurs when closely related individuals reproduce, increases homozygosity in individuals that are more likely to share the same recessive deleterious alleles

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8
Q

inbreeding depression

A

the resulting decline in fitness and fecundity that occurs when closely related individuals reproduce, increases homozygosity in individuals that are more likely to share the same recessive deleterious alleles

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9
Q

NEUTRAL THEORY OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION

A

the great majority of mutations that are fixed are effectively neutral with respect to fitness and are fixed by genetic drift

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10
Q

molecular clock

A

evolutionary substitutions at the molecular level proceed at a constant rate, so the degree of sequence difference between species can serve as a way to estimate relative divergence times, can be calibrated to estimate actual times using data from the fossil record

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