Lecture 2

Question 1

6 main evidences for evolution

Answer 1

biodiversity, biogeography, fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, molecular biology

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

many different ways to be an organism, species are adapted to their environments through natural selection, darwins theory of natural selection gives explanation for biodiversity

Question 3

Biogeography is

Answer 3

The study of geographic distributions of organisms

Question 4

Biogeography combiens

Answer 4

geography, paleotology, systematics, ecology

Question 5

Biogeography looks at

Answer 5

Distributions of species is effected by geological events, glaciation events, present-day events

Question 6

Biodiversity makes no sense under creationist views because

Answer 6

why are there only animals in certain places, why no elephants in hawaii

Question 7

Plate tectonics

Answer 7

part of biogeography, includes continental drift, we used to be one continent then we split

Question 8

We can see continental drift through

Answer 8

fossil record and taxonomy groups

Question 9

Continental drift is

Answer 9

the movement of continental plates through the actions of currents generated deep within the molten rock mantle

Question 10

Vicariance is

Answer 10

the evolutionary separation of species by barriers such as those formed by continental drift

Question 11

Fossil record

Answer 11

is the only direct evidence of macroevolutionary processes, shows phenotypic transformations in lineage and changes in biological diversity

Question 12

The fossil record is very incomplete because

Answer 12

Many organisms rarely become fossilized (less then 1%), many lack hard parts, live in environments where decay is rapid, sediments only form periodically, fossils but not be eroded, subducted, or transformed, and must be accessible to find

Question 13

Embryology 2 main laws/theorys

Answer 13

theory of recapitulation and von baers law

Question 14

theory of recapitulation

Answer 14

largely discredited, states the development of the embryo of an animal from fertilisation to gestation goes through states resembling successive stated in the evolution of the animals remote ancestors

Question 15

Von Baers Law

Answer 15

Features common to a more inclusive taxon often appear in the development before specific characteristic of lower level taxa

Question 16

Comparative anatomy shows

Answer 16

as vertebrates evolved the same bones have been put to different usages, bones are recognisable, showing a common past

Question 17

Homologous Structures

Answer 17

Structures with different appearances and functions that all derived from the same body part

Question 18

Homologous Structures are the product of

Answer 18

Divergent evolution

Question 19

Homologous Structures example

Answer 19

arm bone of humans, cats, bat wing, ect. all same bone

Question 20

Analogous Structures

Answer 20

Superficially similar structures that were independently derived

Question 21

Analogous Structures are the product of

Answer 21

convergent evolution, they independently arose to this

Question 22

Analogous Structures example

Answer 22

snakes, frogs, wasps all black and yellow for warning

Question 23

Vestigial structures are

Answer 23

structures that don’t seem t serve a purpose anymore

Question 24

Vestigial structures example

Answer 24

boas with hip bones, wisdom teeth, human apendix

Question 25

Molecular evidence

Answer 25

nearly all organisms use the same nucleotides for DNA, the same 20 amino acids for protines, the same process for transcription/translaton

Question 26

The central dogma

Answer 26

is consistent with a single origin of life, it’s univeral

Question 27

animals that are more closely related have

Answer 27

more similar DNA