Lecture 5 Flashcards
Evolution requires
Variation
Polymorphism
Resulting in mimics by the species, occurs in areas of overlap
Evolution is impossible without
Variation
Genotype gives rise to
phenotype
Genotypic differences are partily responsible for
phenotypic differences
Phenotype can also be influenced by
Enviorment
Mutation is responsible for
differences in genotypes
Mutation gives us
Variation
Genome of all organisms consits of
DNA
DNA is
A serise of nucleotide base pairs
Base pairs are
a purine and a pyriminde
Purines are
Adenine and Gyanine
Pyrimidines are
Thymine and cytosine
DNA ladder
Phosphate is the backbone, base pairs are the rungs
DNA varation
Varys greatly amoung organisms, genome size doesnt corilate with complexity
Chromosome
One long DNA molecule coiled
Gene
Sequence of DNA that is transcribed into RNA
RNA is translated into
Protine
Locus
site on a chromosome occupied by a particular gene
Exons
Gene segments that code for a protine
Introns
Noncoding segments that occur between exons
Codon
3 basepairs of RNA, codes for specific protine
Amino acids
Building blocks of protines
How many possible codons and amino acids
64 codons, 20 amino acids, genetic code is redundant
3 codons are
stop codons
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Alleles can code for
different phenotypes of the same trait like fur color
Alleles identified by
phenotype effect, but not all alleles have a phenotype effect
Haplotype
Particular DNA sequence that differers by one or more mutations from homologous sequence
Genetic markers
Detectable mutations that geneticits use to recognize specific regions of chromosomes or genes
Mutation
Alteration of a gene or chromosome and its product, DNA can be damaged by chemical and physical events
Mutations result in
change in base pair sequence, many changes are repaired by DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
proof reading enzyme