Lecture 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

The 6 lines of evidence for evolution

A

Biodiversity, biogeography, fossil record, embryology, comparative anatomy, and molecular evidence

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2
Q

Biogeography

A

the study of geographic distributions of organisms

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3
Q

Continental Drift

A

The movement of continental plates through the actions of currents generated deep within the molten rock mantle

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4
Q

Vicariance

A

The evolutionary separation of species by barriers such as those formed by continental drift

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5
Q

Completeness of the fossil record

A

Far less than 1% of species that ever existed become fossilized

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6
Q

Why do so few become fossils

A

They lack hard parts, decompose rapidly, sediments only form under certain conditions, fossils must solidify into rocks and persist over time, fossils must be available for discovery

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7
Q

Theory of Recapitulation

A

A largely discredited biological hypothesis that he development of the embryo of the animal from fertilization to gestation/hatching goes through states resembling or representing successive stages in the evolution of the animals remote ancestorys

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8
Q

Theory of recapitulation phrase

A

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

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9
Q

Von Baers Law

A

Features common to a more inclusive taxon often appear on development before the specific characters of lower level taxa consistent with modern evolutionary thinking because it states that one or a few simple embryo morphologies can diversify into branching patterns of increasing diversity

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10
Q

Homologous structures

A

structures with different appearances and functions that all derived from the same body part in common ancestors

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11
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

The process by which a single species or lineage diverged into two or more evolutionary groups with different characteristics

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12
Q

Analogous structures

A

superficially similar structures that were independently derived

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13
Q

Convergent evolution

A

when two species with different ancestral origins develop similar characteristics

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14
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Structures in a body that no longer serve a function

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15
Q

Central dogma of molecular biology

A

The process of how DNA instructions are converted into function produce which is consistent with a single origin of life (DNA-RNA-Protine)

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