Lecture 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Biological Evolution

Answer 1

Genetic change underlying the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generation

Question 2

Essentialism

Answer 2

The idea that every species has an essence of which each individual is an imperfect form

Question 3

Teleology

Answer 3

The study of ends or purposes, in evolutionary context it is the notion that organisms are designed

Question 4

Uniformitarianism

Answer 4

The theory that earth is shaped by slow moving forces over a long period of time

Question 5

Catastrophism

Answer 5

The theory that the earth is shaped by massive and rapid catastrophes, such as floods

Question 6

The Origin of Species

Answer 6

Most famous book written by Charles Darwin, contains two major thesis

Question 7

2 major thesis of the Origin of Species

Answer 7

Decent with modification and the theory of natural selection

Question 8

Gradualism

Answer 8

Evolutionary change happens over a long period of time

Question 9

Natural Selection

Answer 9

The changes in the proportions of individuals are caused by differences in their ability to survive and reproduce

Question 10

Eugenics

Answer 10

Developed as a (now debunked) method to improve the human race by arranging reproduction to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable

Question 11

Social Darwinism

Answer 11

The application of Darwinian principles of natural selection to human societies that were used to justify imperialism, colonialism, racism, and certain policies

Question 12

Modern Evolutionary synthesis

Answer 12

A movement and synthesis of knowledge that brought together many scientific disciplines, such as genetics, math, and paleontology, to bridge the gap between microevolutionary processes and macroevolutionary patterns

Question 13

Microevolution

Answer 13

Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short time period

Question 14

Macroevolution

Answer 14

Evolution above the speices level, such as what is observed in the fossil record

Question 15

Creationism/Intelligent Design

Answer 15

Related movements that dispute the process of evolution and the teaching of most or all evolutionary biology in schools, intelligent design arose from creationism

Question 16

Hypothesis is

Answer 16

an informed conjecture or statement of what might be

Question 17

Scientific theory is

Answer 17

A mature coherent body of interconnected statements based on reasoning and evidence that explains some part of nature

Question 18

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 18

Father of taxonomy, created scientific binomial nomenclature

Question 19

Geroges Buffon

Answer 19

Early Natural historian who believed each species has in unchanging internal mold, but that closely related species mat have arisen from a common ancestor

Question 20

James hutton

Answer 20

deduced that geological time was much longer than previously thought due to patterns of deposition and erosion seen in strata of cliffs

Question 21

Georges cuvier

Answer 21

Anatomist and proponent of catastrophism that demonstrated extinction happens

Question 22

Charles Lyell

Answer 22

Published principles of geology and was a advocate of uniformitarianism

Question 23

Charles Lyell

Answer 23

Published principles of geology and was an advocate of uniformitarianism

Question 24

Jean baptiste Lamarck

Answer 24

Theorized that evolution happens through use and disuse, commonly known as inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 25

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 25

Grandfather of Charles darwin, an early advocate of evolution

Question 26

Charles Darwin

Answer 26

Wrote the origin of species, discovered natural selection, a major mechanism on how evolution occurs, often credited with discovering evolution

Question 27

Thomas Malthus

Answer 27

In an essay he posited that populations increase faster than food supplies, which inspired darwins evolutionary thinking

Question 28

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 28

Co discovered the theory of natural selection with darwin

Question 29

Francis Galton

Answer 29

Applied natural selection to human societies and promoted hereditary improvement through eugenics