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Human Anatomy > Lecture 7 - Muscular System > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are fascicles and how do they affect muscles

A
  • > they’re skeletal muscle fibres arranged in a muscle in bundles.
  • > they give the muscle its shape and therefore its function
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2
Q

Origin vs insertion

A

Origin: end of the muscle that is attached to an immovable bone
Insertion: end of the muscle which attaches to the movable bone

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3
Q

What are the different muscle groups/ muscle actions, explain.

A

Prime mover/agonist - > contracts to cause the desired action
Antagonist - > stretches/extend to reverse action of prime mover
Synergists - > assist prime movers
Fixators - > stabilize the origin of the prime mover

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4
Q

Motion executed by occipitofontalis

A

raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead

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5
Q

motion executed by corrugator supercilii

A

draws eyebrows down and medially

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6
Q

motion executed by orbicularis oculi

A

serves to close the eye

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7
Q

motion executed by levator palpebrae superioris

A

responsible for elevating upper eyelid; bugeyes

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8
Q

motion executed by nasalis

A

flares the nostrils

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9
Q

motion executed by levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip

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10
Q

motion executed by orbiculairs oris

A

pucker lips/ duck lip

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11
Q

motion executed by zygomaticus major and minor

A

draws angle of mouth up and out, allows smiles

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12
Q

motion executed by platysma

A

draws lower lip down and out, flex neck

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13
Q

list all muscle involved in mastication

A
  • > masseter
  • > temporalis
  • > pterygoids (medial and lateral)
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14
Q

motion executed by the masseter

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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15
Q

motion executed by the temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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16
Q

motion executed by the pterygoids

A

lateral and medial pterygoids allow mandible to lower and move side to side (cow thing)

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17
Q

motion executed by the buccinator

A

compress cheeks when blowing air, trumpet mouth, suck milkshake

18
Q

name all extrinsic eye muscles

A
  • > superior rectus (up)
  • > inferior rectus (down)
  • > medial rectus (in)
  • > lateral rectus (out)
  • > superior oblique (down and out)
  • > inferior oblique (up and out)
    (rectus go the right way, oblique go the opposite)
19
Q

name the muscles of the neck and what they do

A
  • > sternocleidomastoid (moves head down and to the sides)

- > trapezius (synergist to sterno….)

20
Q

name all the muscles involved in breathing and what each one does

A

Diaphragm - > contracts (inhale) and relax (exhale)
External intercostals - > pulls ribs upwards to increase volume (inhale)
Internal intercostals - > pulls ribs down to decrease volume (exhale)
Serratus posterior superior - > elevates posterior ribs during inspiration
Serratus posterior inferior - > depresses poserior ribs during exhalation

21
Q

name all the muscles of the abdominal wall and their function

A
  • > rectus abdominis (abdominal flexor)
  • > external obliques (superficial; rotates and flex spine)
  • > internal oblique (deep; rotates and flex spine)
  • > transverse abdominis (increases abdominal pressure)
22
Q

3 muscles groups that move the spine

A
  1. Iliocostalis thoracic
  2. Longissimus thoracic
  3. Spinalis thoracic
    (extend vertebral column; I long for spinach)
23
Q

muscles which stabilize the pectoral girdle

A
  • > serratus anterior (pull scapula anteriorly and around the rib cage)
  • > trapezius (extend neck, elevate the shoulder, adduct the scapula; fibres run in 3 directions)
24
Q

motion executed by the pectoralis major

A

flexes and adducts hummerus

25
Q

motion executed by the latissimus dorsi

A

powerful arm extender, adductor, medial rotator

26
Q

motion executed by the deltoid

A

flex, abduct, extend the arm

27
Q

muscle of the rotator cuff

A

(SITS)

  • > Supraspinatus
  • > Infraspinatus
  • > Teres minor
  • > Subscapularis
  • more stable on superior aspect, why people dislocate arms*
28
Q

major flexors of the forearm

A
  • > biceps brachii (superficial, helps with supination)

- > brachialis (deep, more powerful)

29
Q

extensor of the forearm

A
  • > triceps brachii

- > anconeus (synergist extensor)

30
Q

list all muscles of the anterior forearm

A
  • > brachioradialis (synergist pronator supinator)
  • > Pronator teres
  • > pronator quadratus
  • > supinator
31
Q

muscles which extend and abduct the thighs

A
  • > gluteus maximus
  • > gluteus medius
  • > gluteus minimus
32
Q

muscles which flex the thigh

A

Illiopsoas (Illiacus + psoas major)

33
Q

Name all adductor muscles of the medial thigh

A
  • > adductor longus
  • > adductor brevis
  • > adductor magnus
34
Q

what are the four muscles of the quadricep femoris

A
  • > rectus femoris
  • > vastus lateralis
  • > vastus medialis
  • > vastus intermedius
35
Q

sartorius

A
  • > allows you to sit cross legged
  • > flexes, abducts, laterally rotates the thigh
  • > flexes and medially rotates the leg
36
Q

name all hamstring muscles

A
  • > semimembranosus (most medial)
  • > semitendinosus
  • > bicep femoris
    (extend hip and flex knee)
37
Q

muscles of the leg

A
  • > tibialis anterior
  • > fibularis brevis & longus
  • > gastrocnemius
  • > soleus
38
Q

types of interossei

A

Dorsal interossei -> abduct the fingers NAILS

Plantar interossei -> adduct the fingers NO

39
Q

fibularis brevis & longus fuctions

A

responsible for eversion of the foot

40
Q

function of popliteus

A

pops knee out of locked position ,hamstrings do the rest

41
Q

what is the tricep surae

A

gastrocnemius + soleus muscle

42
Q

Gastrocnemius and soleus’s involvement in plantar flexion

A

Gastrocnemius - > prime mover

soleus - > synergist (its under gastro…)

Human Anatomy (22 decks)

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