Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Lecture 20 - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads

A

both systems have primary sex organs called gonads

• produce sex cells called gametes

  • > Oocytes in females
  • > sperm in males

• both systems have ducts to transport gametes from gonads to site of fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perineum

A

diamond-shaped region between thighs with the following boundaries:

  • > pubis symphysis
  • > ischeal tuberosities
  • > coccyx

Subdivided into…

  1. Urogenital triangle
  2. Anal triangle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urogenital triangle vs Anal triangle

A

Urogenital triangle

  • > anterior
  • > ischial tuberosities and pubis symphysis

Anal Triangle

  • > posterior
  • > ischial tuberosities and coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary vs Accessory female reproductive organs

A

Primary

  • > ovaries

Accessory

  • > Uterine/fallopian tubes
  • > uterus
  • > vagina
  • > mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pouches of female reproductive system

A

*formed from peritoneal folds around pelvic organs*

  1. Vesicouterine pouch
    - > anterior space between the uterus and urinary bladder
  2. Rectouterine pouch
    - > posterior space between the uterus and the rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anchoring ligaments of the ovaries; how is it anchored within the pelvic cavity

A

*anchored within pelvic cavity by several folds of peritoneum*

  1. Broad ligament
  2. Ovarian ligament
  3. Suspensory ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structures/layers of the ovary

A
  • > each ovary is surrounded by an epithelial layer of simple cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium
  • > deep to the GE is a connective tissue capsule called the tunica albuginea
  • > deep to TA, the ovary can be divided into an outter cortex and an inner medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cortex and medulla of the ovary

A
  • > the cortex contains ovarian follicles
  • > medulla contains connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ovarian follicles

A
  • > thousands are found within the cortex of ovary
  • > OF consist of oocytes surrounded by follicle cells
  • > several different types of ovarian follicles, each representing a different stage of development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stages of follicle development

A
  1. Primordial follicle
  2. Primary follicle
  3. Secondary follicle
  4. Vesicular follicle
  5. Corpus luteum
  6. Corpus albicans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primordial follicle

A
  • > most primative type

consists of…

  • > a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary follicle

A

consists of..

  • > primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary follicle

A

consists of…

  • > a primary oocyte, many layers of granulosa cells and a fluid-filled space call an antrum
  • > 2 protective structures surround the primary oocyte

* Zona pellucida (outside)

* Corona Radiata (inside)

* antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antrum

A

contains serous fluid that increases in volume as ovulation nears

  • > protective/nutritional fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protective structures surrounding the primary oocyte

A
  1. Zona pellucida (outside)
  2. Corona Radiata (inside)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vesicular follicle

A

aka. mature follicle or Graafian follicle

consists of…

  • > secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida and corona radiata
  • > an enlarged antrum
  • > many layers of follicle cells
  • > walls of follicle merges with ovarian wall and eventually releases the follicle into a uterine tube
17
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • > following ovulation, the remnants of the follicle (not including the oocyte) becomes the corpus luteam
  • > CL secretes progesterone and estrogen, which stimulate the growth of the uterine endometrium
18
Q

Ovulation

A
  • > the membrane of the vestibular follicle fuses to the ovarian membrane
  • > the follicle ruptures and releases the oocyte into the fimbrea/uterine tube
19
Q

Corpus Albicans

A
  • > corpus luteum degrades itself into the corpus albicans
  • > the corpus albicans is scar tissue that doesn’t secrete anything (estrogen or progesterone)
20
Q

Characteristics of uterine tubes and oocyte travel

A
  • > extends laterally from both sides of the uterus
  • > around 10-12cm in length
  • > covered in mesosalpinx (part of broad ligament)
  • > the secondary oocyte is usually fertilized in the lateral part of fallopian tube (pre-embryo)
  • > takes the pre-embryo around 3 days to travel the length of uterine tube and reach the lumen of the uterus
21
Q

Regions of the uterine tubes

A

Infundibulum - > lateral opening of the tube, encircled by fimbriae (fingers)

Ampulla - > expanded region medial to infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs

Isthmus - > medial to the ampula and represents 1/3 of the entire length of UT

Uterine part - > contiuous with the uterus

22
Q

Walls of the uterine tubes

A
  1. Mucosa - > cilliated (movement) columnar epithelial cells
  2. Muscularis - > innter circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
  3. Serosa - > external serous membrane covering uterine tube

*no submucosa - > does not need to secrete anything*

23
Q

Characteristics of uterus

A
  • > pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ within pelvic cavity
  • > possesses a lumen that is superiorlaterally continuous with the uterine tubes and inferiorly contiuous with vagina
24
Q

functions of uterus

A
  • > site of implantation
  • > supports and protects the developing embryo/fetus
25
Q

Anteverted vs Retroverted Uterus

A

Anteverted (normal)

  • > angled anterosuperiorly
  • > projected towards body cavity

Retroverted

  • > projected towards rectum
26
Q

regions of the uterus

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. isthmus
  4. Cervix
27
Q

What supports the uterus

A

several structures

  • > muscles of the pelvic floor
  • > round ligaments
  • > transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments)
  • > uterosacral ligaments (sacrocervical ligaments)
28
Q

What can happen if the uterus isn’t properly supported/ there is a weakness in the support system

A

can result in prolapse, in which uterus protrudes through the vagina

29
Q

How does blood get to the uterus

A

uterine arteries

  • > which are branches from the internal iliac arteries
30
Q

Layers of the uterine wall

A
  1. Perimetrium
    - > outermost layer is a serousal layer of connective tissue
  2. Myometrium
    - > thick, middle tuni comprised of smooth muscle
  3. Endometrium
    - > mucosa composed of a simple columnar epithelium and an underlying lamina propria
31
Q

Lamina propria

A

found within the endometrium, the lamina propria is filled with uterine glands, which enlarge during the uterine cycle

32
Q

Layer of the endometrium

A
  1. Functional layer (stratum functionalis)
    - > changes thickness depending of the phase of the uterine cycle shed during menses
  2. Basal layer (stratum basalis)
    - > deeper layer immediately adjacent to myometrium and is perminant (undergoes little/no change during the uterine cycle)
33
Q

Phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Mentrual phase (0-4) - > sheds functional layer

Proliferal Phase (5-14) - > follicle matures and functional layer builds up

Ovulation - > day 14

Secretory Phase (15-28) - > secretes progesterone and estrogen

Prementrual phase (26-28)

34
Q

characteristics of the vagina

A
  • > fibromuscular tube about 10cm long that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
  • > has 3 tunics
  • > opening of the vagina is called the vaginal orifice
  • > near the opening, folds of the mucosa form a membranous barrier called the hymen
35
Q

Wall of the vagina

A

distensible wall consisting of 3 layers

  1. inner mucosa
  2. middle muscularis
  3. outer adventitia
36
Q

Mammary glands

A
  • > modified integumentary glands that secrete breast milk
  • > divided into lobes - > subdivided into lobules
  • > milk drains into lactiferous ducts which is stored into lactiferous sinusses
  • > supported by suspensary ligaments by attaching the skin of the gland to the pectoralis major
37
Q

Nipple vs areola

A

Nipple

  • > cylyndrical projection on the center of the breast containing multiple openings from internal secretory ducts

Areola

  • > pinkish/brown pigmented ring of skin that surrounds the nipple
38
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

embryo attaches outside of uterus

Human Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions