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Human Anatomy > Lecture 3 - Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues

A
  • > Connective
  • > Epithelial
  • > Muscle
  • > Nervous
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2
Q

Where can you find epithelial tissue?

A
  • > The inner and outer layers of organs
  • > glands
  • > lines every body surface and all body cavities
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3
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A
  • > physical protection
  • > selective permeability
  • > secretions
  • > sensations
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4
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A
  • > substance produced by the cells of a certain tissue, located outside the cell which can contain protein fibres h2o, and dissolved macromolecules.
  • > Anything that’s not a cell
  • > Fibres + ground substance = EM
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5
Q

Explain all of the different layers of epithelium

A

simple - > single layer of cells
stratified - > two or more layers of cells
pseudostratified - > single layer but not all cells an atypical surface

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6
Q

Explain epithelial cell morphology

A

Squamous - > flattened; similar to fried egg
Cuboidal - > about the same size on all sides
Columnar - > taller than they are wide

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7
Q

What are ciliated epithelium

A

A region of epithelium consisting of columnar or cuboidal cells bearing hairlike appendages (cilia)

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8
Q

What is transitional epithelium

A

Mostly found in the urinary system, these cells are able to stretch and store toxins (urine)
- > not simple or stratified

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9
Q

What are the two types of glands

A

Endocrine glands - > do not posses ducts and secrete their products directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine glands - > posses ducts and their cells secrete their products into them; transporting them to where they need to go ie. sweat goes to sweat glands

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10
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A
  • > skeletal
  • > cardiac
  • > smooth
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11
Q

multi-nucleated vs uni-nucleated

A

more than one nucleus vs single nucleus

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12
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscle cells

A
  • > attached to bone
  • > long & cylindrical
  • > striated and voluntary
  • > multi-nucleated
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13
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells

A
  • > striated and involuntary
  • > cells are branched (“Y” shape)
  • > attached by intercalated discs
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14
Q

intercalated discs

A

strong gap-junctions which connect cardiac cells end-to-end

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15
Q

characteristics of smooth muscle cells

A
  • > found in walls of most internal organs
  • > short, wide in the middle and tapered at both ends (fusiform)
  • > involuntary and non-striated
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16
Q

What are the two types of nervous tissue and what are they?

A

Neuron - > nerve cells that are capable of impulse propagation
Neuroglia - > cells that support the neuron

17
Q

function of nervous tissue

A

communication and control of body functions

18
Q

What is connective tissue

A

“glue” or “filler” of the body;

CT = cells + extracellular matrix

19
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  • > Physical protection
  • > support & structural framework
  • > binding of structures
  • > storage
  • > transport
  • > Immune protection
20
Q

classification of connective tissue

A
  • > CT Proper
  • > Supporting CT
  • > Fluid CT
21
Q

types of cells of CT proper

A

resident cells - > fixed in place

wandering cells - > wandering

22
Q

fibres of CT proper

A

Collagen fibres: long, thick, strong
Elastic fibres: allow structures such as blood vessels stretch and relax
Reticular fibres: form mesh-like framework which provides structural integrity (like metal rods in concrete)

23
Q

Ground substance of connective tissues

A
  • > a combination of carbohydrates and proteins

- > a large gelatinous material that fills the spaces between fibres and cells; fills extracellular matrix

24
Q

Categories of connective tissue proper

A

Loose CT: fewer proteins, more ground substance

Dense CT: more protein fibres, less ground substance

25
Q

Types of Loose CT

A
  • > areolar CT: can be distorted without damage
  • > adipose CT: known as fat
  • > reticular CT: contains reticular fibres and leukocytes
26
Q

Types of Dense CT

A

Dense regular CT: collagen fibres run in same direction
Dense irregular CT: collagen fibres entend in many directions
Elastic CT: predominant elastic fibres provide ability to stretch and recoil

27
Q

types of specialized connective tissue

A 
supporting connective tissue
- > bone
- > cartilage
fluid connective tissue
- > blood
28
Q

Components of fluid connective tissue

A
  • > plasma: watery ground substance that contains proteins
  • > erythrocyte: red blood cells
  • > leukocyte: white blood cells
  • > platelet: clotting agent

Human Anatomy (22 decks)

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