Lecture 7 - Cranial Nerve V, VII, XIII-XII Flashcards
What is Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal nerve
What is Cranial Nerve VII?
Facial nerve
What is Cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear
What is cranial nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is cranial nerve X?
Vagus nerve
What is cranial nerve XI?
Accessory nerve
What is cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal nerve
What are all 12 cranial nerves?
I = olfactory
II = optic
III = occulomotor
IV = trochlea
V = Trigeminal
VI = Abducens
VII = Facial
VIII = vestibulocochlear
IX = Glossopharyngeal
X = vagus
XI = Accessory
XII = hypoglossal
If a lesion is affecting a cranial nerve leaving the left side of the brainstem what side of the patient will signs manifest in?
Left side of patient
What is a tract?
The pathways that connect the cortex to the cranial nerves
Why does a stroke often affect the contralateral side of the body?
Strokes often involve the tracts connecting the cortex to the cranial nerve
This means the connection between the for example right sided cortex and the left cranial nerve is damaged
What does the Trigeminal nerve generally supply?
Skin of face, scalp and deep structures of the face
What is the bulge called on the Trigeminal nerve called?
Trigeminal ganglion
What part of the brain does the Trigeminal nerve arise from?
Pons
What part of the pons does the Trigeminal nerve arise from?
Side of the pons
What are the target tissues which the Trigeminal nerve (V) supplies?
Skin of face
Part of scalp
Surface of eye
Deep facial structures
General sensation to Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor to Muscles of mastication
What branch of the Trigeminal nerve (V) supplies the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve (V)
How do you assess if the Trigeminal nerve (V) is functional?
Light touch on the Dermatomes of Va (ophthalmic), Vb (maxillary) and Vc (mandibular)
Any muscle wastage of the muscles of mastication
Corneal reflex present or absent
What branch of the Trigeminal nerve (V) is affected if there is muscle of mastication wastage?
Mandibular division (Vc)
What is the corneal reflex?
When the one eye is touched it leads to both eyes blinking
What nerves are important in the corneal reflex?
Ophthalmic divsion of the Trigeminal nerve for sensory (afferent)
Facial nerve (VII) = motor/efferent to close the eye
What are some examples of causes of Trigeminal nerve (V) lesions?
Trigeminal herpes zoster/shingles in a Trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal neuralgia
Orbital and mandibular fractures
Posterior cranial fossa tumours
What affects which part of the face is covered with vesicles with Trigeminal herpes zoster?
What branch of the Trigeminal nerve it goes down
What is Trigeminal neuralgia?
What causes it?
When you get extreme pain in the face/headaches
When a blood vessel near the brain stem compresses the Trigeminal nerve
What branches of the Trigeminal nerve (V) pass through the cavernous sinus?
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
What hole in the skull does the ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve pass through after passing through the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
What hole in the skull does the maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve pass through after passing through the cavernous sinus?
Foramen rotundum
What hole in the skull does the mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale