Lecture 2 - Fascial Layers, Deep Neck Spaces And Cross Section Anatomy Flashcards
Describe where the hyoid bone is
At level of C3 directly under chin
Where is the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage?
Under hyoid bone (adams apple)
Then the cricoid is like 1 cm under the thyroid cartilage
What is it called when the thyroid gland is enlarged and palpable?
Goitre
What nerve innervates platysma?
Facial nerve (cervical branch)
What is the origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid?
Origin = clavicle and sternum
Inserts = mastoid process (bony part behind ear)
What is the action of Sternocleidomastoid?
Rotates head so chin can turn to opposite side
What nerve innervates Sternocleidomastoid?
Accessory nerve
How can you test the strength of the right Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Put hand on persons LHS of their face and push across to their right and they try and resist
What is the condition called where there is involuntary contraction of Sternocleidomastoid causing an asymmetrical neck position?
Torticollis
What is Torticollis?
Involuntary contraction of SCM
What nerve innervates trapezius?
Accessory nerve
What is the origin of trapezius?
Occipital bone and nuchal ligament
What can lead to trapezius muscle wastage?
Accessory nerve injury
What are the 3 borders of the anterior triangle?
Mid Sagittal line of neck
Inferior margin of mandible = superior margin
Anterior border of SCM = lateral border
What other part of the body is th anterior triangle of the neck connected to?
Thorax
What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Clavicle
Scalene muscles = floor
What other part of the body is the posterior triangle of the neck connected to?
Upper limb
What do the suprahyoids do?
Elevate hyoid and depress mandible
What does the infrahyoid muscles do?
Depress hyoid
What is contained in the neurovascular bundle in the neck?
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
What muscle is the neurovascualr bundle in the neck deep to?
Sternocleidomastoid
At what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries?
C4
What is more medial in the neurovascular bundle in the neck the Common Carotid Artery or the internal jugular vein?
CCA (think it needs to be protected more)
Internal jugular vein is more lateral
What is the PNUEMONIC for the contents of the posterior triangle?
Some
Pretty
Brave
Students
Invented Ony ( Not P should be I)
An
Envelope
Using the PNUEMONIC what are the contents of the posterior triangle?
Deepest —> most superficial
Some (scalene muscles is floor)
Pretty = Phrenic nerve
Brave = brachial plexus
Students = subclavian vessels
Invented Only =Inferior belly of Omohyoid
An = accessory nerve
Envelope = external jugular vein
How many superficial cervical layers of fascia are there and how any deep cervical fascia layers are there?
1 superficial
4 deep fascial layers
What des the superficial cervical fascial layer surround in the neck?
All of it
What are the 4 deep cervical fascial layers?
Investing layer
Pre vertebral fascia
Carotid sheath
Pretracheal fascia/buccopharyngeal fascia
What does the pre tracheal fascia/buccopharangeal fascia surround?
Why are there separate names for the same layer?
Infrahyoid muscles
TTO
Thyroid cartilage
Trachea
Oesophagus
Pre tracheal fascia anteriorly and then becomes buccophargeal fascia posteriorly
What does the carotid sheath dep. fascial layer surround?
Neurovascular bundle
(Commmon carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve)
What does the pre-vertebral fascia layer surround?
The vertebra and the muscles
What does the investing deep fascial layer surround?
All compartments and also circling trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid
What muscle is found in the superficial cervical fascial layer?
Platysma
What is the Retropharyngeal space?
Deep neck space located between the buccopharyngeal fascia nd the prevertebral fascia
Why do kids more commonly get retropharyngeal abcesses secondary to infection tan adults?
Kids have lymph nodes in retropharyngeal space which drain fro the upper respiratory tract
What are the clinical features of a deep neck space infection like a retropharyngeal abscess?
Unwell
Sore throat
Difficultly swallowing
Drooling
Painful neck movements
Why is it dangerous if the retropharyngeal abscess descends?
The retropharyngeal space extends down into the thorax/mediastinum which can cause mediastinitis if infection spreads
Airway could also get compromised
What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Common carotid (bifurcates in here too forming internal and external carotids)
Internal jugular vein
What is an important subdivided area in the anterior triangle?
Carotid triangle
What are the borders of the carotid triangle in the anterior triangle?
Superior border = post belly of Digastric
Lateral border = medial border of SCM
Inferior border = sup belly of Omohyoid
What are the main contents of the carotid triangle in the anterior triangle of the neck?
Common carotid + when it bifurcates
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
