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Y2 - Head N Neck > Lecture 2 - Fascial Layers, Deep Neck Spaces And Cross Section Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Fascial Layers, Deep Neck Spaces And Cross Section Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe where the hyoid bone is

A

At level of C3 directly under chin

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2
Q

Where is the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage?

A

Under hyoid bone (adams apple)
Then the cricoid is like 1 cm under the thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

What is it called when the thyroid gland is enlarged and palpable?

A

Goitre

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4
Q

What nerve innervates platysma?

A

Facial nerve (cervical branch)

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5
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Origin = clavicle and sternum

Inserts = mastoid process (bony part behind ear)

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6
Q

What is the action of Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Rotates head so chin can turn to opposite side

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7
Q

What nerve innervates Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve

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8
Q

How can you test the strength of the right Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Put hand on persons LHS of their face and push across to their right and they try and resist

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9
Q

What is the condition called where there is involuntary contraction of Sternocleidomastoid causing an asymmetrical neck position?

A

Torticollis

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10
Q

What is Torticollis?

A

Involuntary contraction of SCM

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11
Q

What nerve innervates trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve

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12
Q

What is the origin of trapezius?

A

Occipital bone and nuchal ligament

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13
Q

What can lead to trapezius muscle wastage?

A

Accessory nerve injury

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14
Q

What are the 3 borders of the anterior triangle?

A

Mid Sagittal line of neck

Inferior margin of mandible = superior margin

Anterior border of SCM = lateral border

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15
Q

What other part of the body is th anterior triangle of the neck connected to?

A

Thorax

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16
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Clavicle
Scalene muscles = floor

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17
Q

What other part of the body is the posterior triangle of the neck connected to?

A

Upper limb

18
Q

What do the suprahyoids do?

A

Elevate hyoid and depress mandible

19
Q

What does the infrahyoid muscles do?

A

Depress hyoid

20
Q

What is contained in the neurovascular bundle in the neck?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

21
Q

What muscle is the neurovascualr bundle in the neck deep to?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

At what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries?

A

C4

23
Q

What is more medial in the neurovascular bundle in the neck the Common Carotid Artery or the internal jugular vein?

A

CCA (think it needs to be protected more)

Internal jugular vein is more lateral

24
Q

What is the PNUEMONIC for the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

Some
Pretty
Brave
Students
Invented Ony ( Not P should be I)
An
Envelope

25
Q

Using the PNUEMONIC what are the contents of the posterior triangle?

Deepest —> most superficial

A

Some (scalene muscles is floor)
Pretty = Phrenic nerve
Brave = brachial plexus
Students = subclavian vessels
Invented Only =Inferior belly of Omohyoid
An = accessory nerve
Envelope = external jugular vein

26
Q

How many superficial cervical layers of fascia are there and how any deep cervical fascia layers are there?

A

1 superficial
4 deep fascial layers

27
Q

What des the superficial cervical fascial layer surround in the neck?

A

All of it

28
Q

What are the 4 deep cervical fascial layers?

A

Investing layer
Pre vertebral fascia
Carotid sheath
Pretracheal fascia/buccopharyngeal fascia

29
Q

What does the pre tracheal fascia/buccopharangeal fascia surround?

Why are there separate names for the same layer?

A

Infrahyoid muscles
TTO
Thyroid cartilage
Trachea
Oesophagus

Pre tracheal fascia anteriorly and then becomes buccophargeal fascia posteriorly

30
Q

What does the carotid sheath dep. fascial layer surround?

A

Neurovascular bundle
(Commmon carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve)

31
Q

What does the pre-vertebral fascia layer surround?

A

The vertebra and the muscles

32
Q

What does the investing deep fascial layer surround?

A

All compartments and also circling trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

What muscle is found in the superficial cervical fascial layer?

A

Platysma

34
Q

What is the Retropharyngeal space?

A

Deep neck space located between the buccopharyngeal fascia nd the prevertebral fascia

35
Q

Why do kids more commonly get retropharyngeal abcesses secondary to infection tan adults?

A

Kids have lymph nodes in retropharyngeal space which drain fro the upper respiratory tract

36
Q

What are the clinical features of a deep neck space infection like a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Unwell
Sore throat
Difficultly swallowing
Drooling
Painful neck movements

37
Q

Why is it dangerous if the retropharyngeal abscess descends?

A

The retropharyngeal space extends down into the thorax/mediastinum which can cause mediastinitis if infection spreads

Airway could also get compromised

38
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

Common carotid (bifurcates in here too forming internal and external carotids)
Internal jugular vein

39
Q

What is an important subdivided area in the anterior triangle?

A

Carotid triangle

40
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle in the anterior triangle?

A

Superior border = post belly of Digastric
Lateral border = medial border of SCM
Inferior border = sup belly of Omohyoid

41
Q

What are the main contents of the carotid triangle in the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Common carotid + when it bifurcates
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

Y2 - Head N Neck (24 decks)

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