Lecture 3 - Blood Vessels Of Head And Neck Flashcards
What are the branches of the aortic arch from right to left? (look at end of lecture)
Brachiocephalic trunk (Right subclavian artery, right common carotid artery)
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
1 = right subclavian
2 = right common carotid
3 = brachiocephalic trunk
4 = left common carotid
5 = left subclavian
At what vertebral level do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries?
C4
What is the bulge in the left carotid artery called?
Carotid sinus
What special cells are located in the carotid sinus?
What are their function?
Baroreceptors
Detect changes in blood pressure
What is the carotid body?
Where is it found?
Area between the internal and external carotid arteries
Which contains chemoreceptors which detect changes in blood 02, CO2 levels and pH
Why is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery a common site for atherosclerotic plaque development and why is this dangerous?
Turbulent blood flow at the point of bifurcation
Atherosclerotic plaque can rupture forming thromboemboli which can go into the internal carotid artery causing a stroke
What is the point of doing a carotid sinus massage?
Can be used to help determine types of arrhythmias
By massaging cartotid sinus stimulating the Baroreceptors it increases parasympathetic output to heart temporaliy terminating a suupraventricular tachycardia
What type of imaging is used to image the carotid arteries?
Carotid ultrasound
How does the external carotid artery travel?
What arteries does it terminate as?
As soon as the CCA birfurcates the ECA immediately exits the carotid sheath
Then it gives off 8 branches
Terminates as the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
What are 2 important branches of the maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?
Nasal cavity (source for epistaxis = nosebleeds)
What does the middle meningeal artery supply?
The meninges, it enter intracranially
Where can the superficial temporal pulse by palpated?
Where does the superficial temporal artery run?
Soft skin in front of the ear
In front of ear to temple
What is the pneumonic used to remember the 8 branches in the order that they branch from the external carotid artery?
Some
Anatomists
Like
Freaking
Out
Poor
Medical
Students
Using the PNUEMONIC what are the 8 branches from first to last that come from the external carotid artery?
Some = Superior thyroid artery
Anatomists = Ascending pharyngeal artery
Like = lingual artery
Freaking = facial artery
Out = occipital artery
Poor = posterior auricular artery
Medical = maxillary artery
Students = superior temporal artery
What does the superior thyroid artery supply?
Thyroid gland
What does the lingual artery supply?
Tongue
Where does the facial artery supply and run?
The main artery of the face
Comes from behind the mandible to the corner of the eye running in front of the masseter muscle
Where does the occipital artery run to and supply?
Runs behind head to supply scalp
Where does the posterior auricular artery run and supply?
Runs behind ear to back of scalp
Where can you palpate the facial arterial pulse?
Inferior edge of mandible
What artery can be affected by temporal arteritis?
What is temporal arteritis?
What is the consequence of not picking it up?
Superior temporal artery
Inflammation of arterial wall
Can lose Visio due to an artery supplying eye gets affected