Embryological Development (Face And Palate) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the frontonasal process give rise to in the face?

A

Anterior Forehead
Nose

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2
Q

What is the nasal placode?

A

They are thickenings of ectoderm in the frontonasal process

Which go onto invaginate to form nasal pits

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3
Q

What is the membrane which undergoes apoptosis to form the primitive mouth?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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4
Q

What is the name of the primitive mouth that’s formed by the apoptosis of the buccopharyngeal membrane?

A

Stromodeum

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5
Q

What development happens after the nasal pits form?

A

Nasal pits swell on the lateral and medial sides forming lateral and medial nasal processes

Medial nasal processes move medially and fuse at midline

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6
Q

What happens to the maxillary processes?

A

Fuse at midline to form the maxilla

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7
Q

What structure forms when the maxillary processes and medial nasal processes fuse?

A

Nose and feltrum of upper lip

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8
Q

What 3 nerves supply the face from most superior to inferior?

A

Most superior = ophthalmic nerve/ophthalmic Divsion of Trigeminal nerve

Middle = maxillary nerve/maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve

Inferior = mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

What structures are associated with the mandibular nerve supplied region of the face?

A

Structures from 1st pharyngeal arch

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10
Q

What structures are associated with the maxillary nerve supplied region of the face?

A

Structures from maxillary processes

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11
Q

What structures are associated with the ophthalmic nerve supplied region of the face?

A

Structures associated with frontonasal process

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12
Q

What structure does the palate come from?

A

Maxillary process

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13
Q

What structure grows from the maxillary process and fuses in the midline to form the palate?

A

Palatal shelf

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14
Q

What other structure does the palatal shelves fuse with to complete the palate?

A

Frontal nasal process

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15
Q

How does the nasal septum and tongue project?
What is this important for?

A

Nasal septum = up

Tongue = downs

Tongue needs to drop down to allow palatal shelves to fuse in midline

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16
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

When the palatal shelves fail to fuse in the midline

17
Q

What is a cleft lip?

A

When the frontonasal process fails to fuse with the maxillary process

18
Q

What do the ears ascend with?

A

The first pharyngeal cleft

19
Q

What surrounds the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

Auricular hillocks
3 above
3 below

20
Q

What arch are the top 3 auricular hillock associated with?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

21
Q

What arch are the bottom 3 auricular hillock associated with?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

22
Q

What is Fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

When pregnant women ingest alchol in the first trimester of pregnancy

The toxins lead to the neurocrest cells failing to migrate to the correct place

23
Q

Why are the ears often lowest in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

The cells arrest during their ascent