Embryological Development (Face And Palate) Flashcards
What does the frontonasal process give rise to in the face?
Anterior Forehead
Nose
What is the nasal placode?
They are thickenings of ectoderm in the frontonasal process
Which go onto invaginate to form nasal pits
What is the membrane which undergoes apoptosis to form the primitive mouth?
Buccopharyngeal membrane
What is the name of the primitive mouth that’s formed by the apoptosis of the buccopharyngeal membrane?
Stromodeum
What development happens after the nasal pits form?
Nasal pits swell on the lateral and medial sides forming lateral and medial nasal processes
Medial nasal processes move medially and fuse at midline
What happens to the maxillary processes?
Fuse at midline to form the maxilla
What structure forms when the maxillary processes and medial nasal processes fuse?
Nose and feltrum of upper lip
What 3 nerves supply the face from most superior to inferior?
Most superior = ophthalmic nerve/ophthalmic Divsion of Trigeminal nerve
Middle = maxillary nerve/maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve
Inferior = mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve
What structures are associated with the mandibular nerve supplied region of the face?
Structures from 1st pharyngeal arch
What structures are associated with the maxillary nerve supplied region of the face?
Structures from maxillary processes
What structures are associated with the ophthalmic nerve supplied region of the face?
Structures associated with frontonasal process
What structure does the palate come from?
Maxillary process
What structure grows from the maxillary process and fuses in the midline to form the palate?
Palatal shelf
What other structure does the palatal shelves fuse with to complete the palate?
Frontal nasal process
How does the nasal septum and tongue project?
What is this important for?
Nasal septum = up
Tongue = downs
Tongue needs to drop down to allow palatal shelves to fuse in midline
What is a cleft palate?
When the palatal shelves fail to fuse in the midline
What is a cleft lip?
When the frontonasal process fails to fuse with the maxillary process
What do the ears ascend with?
The first pharyngeal cleft
What surrounds the 1st pharyngeal cleft?
Auricular hillocks
3 above
3 below
What arch are the top 3 auricular hillock associated with?
1st pharyngeal arch
What arch are the bottom 3 auricular hillock associated with?
2nd pharyngeal arch
What is Fetal alcohol syndrome?
When pregnant women ingest alchol in the first trimester of pregnancy
The toxins lead to the neurocrest cells failing to migrate to the correct place
Why are the ears often lowest in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome?
The cells arrest during their ascent
