Lecture 15 - Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
Olfaction
Warm/humidify air
Filter particles/trap incoming particles
Route for incoming air
Resonating chamber for speech
What is the medical term for the nostrils?
Nares
What is the structure marking the end of the nasal cavity and start of nasopharynx?
Choanae
What important structure related to the ear is located in the nasopharynx?
Eustachian tube
What are the 3 main regions of the nasal cavity?
Vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region
What is the function of the vestibule region of the nasal cavity?
What cells does it contain?
Filters particles entering the nasal cavity
Stratified squamous epithelium
What cells line the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
Ciliated Pseudostratified epithelium
Goblet cells
What is contained in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?
Olfactory nerves penetrating through the cirbiform foramina through the cribiform plate
Go to the last slide and label the regions of the nasal cavity:
1 = olfactory region
2 = respiratory region
3 = vestibule
4 = nasopharynx
What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Nasal bone
What bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine bone
Maxillary bone
Go to the last slide and label the bones of the nasal cavity:
Image 2
1 = nasal bone
2 = frontal sinus
3 = ethmoid bone
4 = sphenoid bone
5 = maxilla bone
6 = palatine Bone
What bone forms the lateral wall of teh nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone
What are the structures that slow down air flow in the nasal cavity?
Concha
What bone do the 3 concha come from?
Ethmoid bone
What are the 3 concha of the ethmoid bone?
Superior concha
Middle concha
Inferior concha
What are the functions of the concha?
Slow down air flow
Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity
What are the structures that are associated with each concha called?
Meatuses
What are the functions of the superior, middle and inferior meatus?
Drainage
They connect to paranasal air sinuses + nasolacrimal ducts
Go to the last slide and label the image labelled 3:
1 = superior concha
2 = middle concha
3 = inferior concha
4 = superior meatus
5 = middle meatus
6 = inferior meatus
What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone -> septal cartilage (septal cartilage is continous with the ethmoid bone)
Vomer bone
What causes a septal haemotoma?
Trauma to the cartilage leads to the perichondrium becoming sheared off
Avascular necrosis of the cartilage then occurs since the cartilage relies on the perichondrial layer for blood
What deformity does a septal haemotoma lead to?
Saddle nose deformity
How is a septal haemotoma treated?
Drain the blood to prevent development of infections/abcesses
Repack the cartilage and perichondrium back together
What part of the nose made of septal cartilage gets affected in saddle deformity?
Dorsum (undergoes Avascular necrosis)
How does a nasal bone fracture present?
What are 2 rare complications?
Lots of swelling
Epistaxis
CSF leak
Anosmia
Why cannn a nasal bone fracture lead to anosmia?
The olfactory nerves travelling through the cribiform foramina can get sheared
What are the advantages of the nasal cavity having a rich blood supply?
Allows for the humidifcation of air
How many arteries supply the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
5
What are the 5 arteries that supply blood to the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Anterior ethmoidal artery
Posterior ethmoidal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
Greater palatine artery
Superior labial/septal artery