Lecture 7: Cells And Tissues cont.

Question 0

Meiosis

Answer 0

2 divisions of nucleus and four daughter cells

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Forms 2 daughter nuclei with the same genes as the mother nucleus

Question 2

Chromatids

Answer 2

(Condensed DNA). 2 strands of chromosomes held by a button like body.

Question 3

Centromere

Answer 3

Button like body that binds together chromatid

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

Non-dividing cell DNA

Question 5

Interphase

Answer 5

Cell grows and carries out usual metabolic activities

Question 6

DNA polymerase

Answer 6

Replicates DNA

Question 7

Early prophase

Answer 7

Centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell, mitotic spindles form, nuclear envelope disintegrates, chromatin condenses to chromatid

Question 8

Late prophase

Answer 8

Nuclear envelope and nuclei disappear and chromosomes become spindle fibers

Question 9

Mitotic spindles

Answer 9

Attach to center of chromatids (centromere)

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

Chromosomes cluster and line up at metaphase plate

Question 11

Metaphase plate

Answer 11

Center of spindle midway between centrioles

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

Centromeres that held chromatids together split

Question 13

Cleavage furrow

Answer 13

Contractile ring of micro filaments over midline of spindle, which eventually squeezes cytoplasmic mass in two

Question 14

Telophase

Answer 14

(Reverse prophase). Envelope forms chromatids un condense and mitotic spindles disappear.

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

Pinching off of cells

Question 16

Uses of DNA

Answer 16

Replicates itself for cell division

Master blueprint for protein synthesis

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

DNA used as a template to make mRNA

Question 18

rRNA

Answer 18

Main component of ribosome

Question 19

tRNA

Answer 19

Carries amino acids

Question 20

Promoter region

Answer 20

Start point for transcription

Question 21

Terminator

Answer 21

End point for transcription

Question 22

Translation

Answer 22

mRNA used as a template for protein synthesis

Question 23

P site

Answer 23

(Peptidyl binding site) where tRNA binds

Question 24

Codon

Answer 24

3 nucleotides that form a unit of code in DNA or RNA molecule

Question 25

Start codon

Answer 25

First codon of mRNA

Question 26

Stop codon

Answer 26

Signals termination of translation

Question 27

A site

Answer 27

Aminoacyl binding site

Question 28

Describe translation

Answer 28

tRNA enters at A site, waits for P site to clear. P site clears and tRNA moves there, donates it’s amino acid to the chain, holds the chain. Another tRNA enters and replaces it, the first lets go and moves on.