Lecture 5: Cells and Tissues

Question 0

Integral proteins are found…

Answer 0

…embedded in the cell membrane.

Question 1

The phospholipid bi-layer functions to…

Answer 1

…contain cell contents and separate them from the surrounding environment.

Question 2

Transmembrane proteins…

Answer 2

…go all the way thru the membrane.

Question 3

Peripheral proteins…

Answer 3

…are loosely associated with the membrane.

Question 4

The ion channel acts to…

Answer 4

…allow specific ions to move thru pores.

Question 5

Transporters…

Answer 5

…move specific substances across membrane by changing shape.

Question 6

Receptors…

Answer 6

…recognize specific ligands and alter cell function in some way.

Question 7

Describe the function of enzymes.

Answer 7

Enzymes catalyze reactions inside or outside the cell.

Question 8

Cell ID markers…

Answer 8

…distinguish your cells from anyone else’s (except identical twins).

Question 9

What do anchoring proteins (or linkers) do?

Answer 9

They anchor filaments in and outside to the plasma membrane and provide structure, stability, and shape.

Question 10

What does selective permeability mean?

Answer 10

That some things can and can’t move in.

Question 11

Describe the concentration (chemical) gradient.

Answer 11

It is when an uneven amount of dilutes move across the membrane.

Question 12

Define the electrochemical gradient.

Answer 12

A difference in concentration and charge in the plasma membrane.

Question 13

Describe active PM transport.

Answer 13

Solutes are moved against the gradient and use ATP.

Question 14

Describe passive PM transport.

Answer 14

Solutes move down the gradient and no energy is used.

Question 15

What is diffusion?

Answer 15

Movement across the membrane from high to low concentration.

Question 16

Describe membrane/ion channel transport.

Answer 16

Ions move thru the channel from high to low and use no energy.

Question 17

Define osmosis

Answer 17

Diffusion of H2O thru a specific protein channel.

Question 18

Osmotic pressure is…

Answer 18

…pressure associated with osmosis because dilutes aren’t moving.

Question 19

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

Selects ions to move thru based on size and charge

Ex: large and/or polar ions

Question 20

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 20

Cell creates transporter protein to move Na out of cell against its gradient (using ATP), which causes the pump protein to change shape. It brings K in down the gradient.

Question 21

Vesicles

Answer 21

Small sac that buds off the membrane

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Brings things into the cell

Question 23

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 23

Bring in specific substances with a receptor

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Engulfing large particle to bring into cell

Question 25

Pinocytosis

Answer 25

Tiny droplets of fluid are brought in

Question 26

Exocytosis

Answer 26

Releasing from cell via vesicle

Question 27

Secretory vesicles

Answer 27

Vesicles that release things from outside of cell