Lecture 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards
0
Q
Elements
A
Unique substances that can’t be broken down into simpler substances
1
Q
Matter
A
Takes up space and has mass
2
Q
Carbon
A
C
6
3
Q
Oxygen
A
O
8
4
Q
Hydrogen
A
H
1
5
Q
Nitrogen
A
N
6
Q
Calcium
A
Ca
7
Q
Sulfur
A
S
8
Q
Sodium
A
Na
9
Q
Phosphorus
A
P
10
Q
Potassium
A
K
11
Q
Magnesium
A
Mg
12
Q
Iron
A
Fe
13
Q
Chlorine
A
Cl
14
Q
Atomic number
A
Number of protons
15
Q
Atomic mass
A
Protons+neutrons
16
Q
Atomic weight
A
Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes in an element
17
Q
Isotope
A
Element with varying number of neutrons
18
Q
Radioactive
A
Process of spontaneous atomic decay, energy is emitted from the nucleus
19
Q
Molecule
A
Two or more atoms bonded together
20
Q
Compound
A
Two or more elements bonded together
21
Q
Ion
A
Charged atom
22
Q
Valence shell
A
Electrons outer shell that participates in chemical bonding
23
Q
Ionic bond
A
Electrons are donated or taken
24
Cation
Positively charged ion
25
Anion
Negatively charged ion
26
Single covalent bond
One electron is shared
27
Double covalent bond
Two electrons are shared
28
Polar covalent bond
Electrons are not shared equally
29
Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen atom bound to an electron hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted to another electron hungry atom and forms a bridge between them
30
Reactants
Substances initially present then consumed during a reaction to make products
31
Products
Compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion
32
Law of conservation of mass
Reactants and products must be equal, matter cannot be created or destroyed
33
Metabolism
Chemical reactions in cells
34
Anabolic/synthesis
Smaller particles join together to form larger more complex molecules
A+B~AB
35
Catabolic/decomposition
Bonds are broken in larger molecules resulting in smaller molecules
AB~A+B
36
Exchange reaction
Bonds are made and broken
| AB+CD~AC+BD
37
Reversible reaction
Results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products
