Lecture 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards
Elements
Unique substances that can’t be broken down into simpler substances
Matter
Takes up space and has mass
Carbon
C
6
Oxygen
O
8
Hydrogen
H
1
Nitrogen
N
Calcium
Ca
Sulfur
S
Sodium
Na
Phosphorus
P
Potassium
K
Magnesium
Mg
Iron
Fe
Chlorine
Cl
Atomic number
Number of protons
Atomic mass
Protons+neutrons
Atomic weight
Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes in an element
Isotope
Element with varying number of neutrons
Radioactive
Process of spontaneous atomic decay, energy is emitted from the nucleus
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together
Compound
Two or more elements bonded together
Ion
Charged atom
Valence shell
Electrons outer shell that participates in chemical bonding
Ionic bond
Electrons are donated or taken
Cation
Positively charged ion
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Single covalent bond
One electron is shared
Double covalent bond
Two electrons are shared
Polar covalent bond
Electrons are not shared equally
Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen atom bound to an electron hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted to another electron hungry atom and forms a bridge between them
Reactants
Substances initially present then consumed during a reaction to make products
Products
Compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion
Law of conservation of mass
Reactants and products must be equal, matter cannot be created or destroyed
Metabolism
Chemical reactions in cells
Anabolic/synthesis
Smaller particles join together to form larger more complex molecules
A+B~AB
Catabolic/decomposition
Bonds are broken in larger molecules resulting in smaller molecules
AB~A+B
Exchange reaction
Bonds are made and broken
AB+CD~AC+BD
Reversible reaction
Results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products
