Lecture 2: Basic Chemistry

Question 0

Elements

Answer 0

Unique substances that can’t be broken down into simpler substances

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Carbon

Answer 2

C

6

Question 3

Oxygen

Answer 3

O

8

Question 4

Hydrogen

Answer 4

H

1

Question 5

Nitrogen

Answer 5

N

Question 6

Calcium

Answer 6

Ca

Question 7

Sulfur

Answer 7

S

Question 8

Sodium

Answer 8

Na

Question 9

Phosphorus

Answer 9

P

Question 10

Potassium

Answer 10

K

Question 11

Magnesium

Answer 11

Mg

Question 12

Iron

Answer 12

Fe

Question 13

Chlorine

Answer 13

Cl

Question 14

Atomic number

Answer 14

Number of protons

Question 15

Atomic mass

Answer 15

Protons+neutrons

Question 16

Atomic weight

Answer 16

Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes in an element

Question 17

Isotope

Answer 17

Element with varying number of neutrons

Question 18

Radioactive

Answer 18

Process of spontaneous atomic decay, energy is emitted from the nucleus

Question 19

Molecule

Answer 19

Two or more atoms bonded together

Question 20

Compound

Answer 20

Two or more elements bonded together

Question 21

Ion

Answer 21

Charged atom

Question 22

Valence shell

Answer 22

Electrons outer shell that participates in chemical bonding

Question 23

Ionic bond

Answer 23

Electrons are donated or taken

Question 24

Cation

Answer 24

Positively charged ion

Question 25

Anion

Answer 25

Negatively charged ion

Question 26

Single covalent bond

Answer 26

One electron is shared

Question 27

Double covalent bond

Answer 27

Two electrons are shared

Question 28

Polar covalent bond

Answer 28

Electrons are not shared equally

Question 29

Hydrogen bond

Answer 29

A hydrogen atom bound to an electron hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted to another electron hungry atom and forms a bridge between them

Question 30

Reactants

Answer 30

Substances initially present then consumed during a reaction to make products

Question 31

Products

Answer 31

Compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion

Question 32

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 32

Reactants and products must be equal, matter cannot be created or destroyed

Question 33

Metabolism

Answer 33

Chemical reactions in cells

Question 34

Anabolic/synthesis

Answer 34

Smaller particles join together to form larger more complex molecules
A+B~AB

Question 35

Catabolic/decomposition

Answer 35

Bonds are broken in larger molecules resulting in smaller molecules
AB~A+B

Question 36

Exchange reaction

Answer 36

Bonds are made and broken

AB+CD~AC+BD

Question 37

Reversible reaction

Answer 37

Results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products