Lecture 7 Flashcards
What are the main functions of these lobes: Frontal Lobe (3), Temporal Lobe (3), Parietal Lobe (2), Occipital Lobe (1)
- The Frontal Lobe is for Working Memory, Planning movement and Control functions.
- The temporal lobe is for “what”, auditory perception and long term memory.
- The parietal lobe is for “How/Where” and somatosensory processing
- The occipital lobe is for visual processing.
What two areas does the Motor Cortex mostly connect with for motor movements?
The Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
What does the Prefrontal Cortex do? What is the distinction between the lateral and medial side?
- It controls the posterior regions based on experience and goals.
- The Lateral Side does more responding
- The medial side does more emotion and social behavior.
How did D’esposite study the dlPFC? Tell the 3 steps of the study and the results. And what is the theory about this result?
- A cue was shown of where you had to look, but you couldn’t look yet
- Then there was a resting period
- Then the cue was presented again and you had to look at it
- The evidence showed that the dlPFC remained active in the resting period.
- The theory is that the dlPFC controls the posterior regions by telling them what to keep in storage.
What are some areas involved in working memory(5)?
- Broca’s region
- Parietal Lobe
- Cerebellum
- Frontal Eye fields
- Prefrontal Cortex.
What is the three-component model (baddeley and Hitch)? Hoe much can the phonological loop store?
- It is theory that splits working memory into three parts.
1: Phonological Loop is what temporarily stores words. (2 seconds)
2: Visuospatial sketchpad is what temporarily stores imagery and spatial information.
3: The Central Executive controls what these areas store. and where attention is.
What did Cowan et al study about memory?
- Subjects had a primary and secondary memory task.
- The primary task required attention
- The memory task was to measure how many items can be stored without attention. (4 digits)
What is the multiple object tracking task?
There are several objects that move around and you have to track them. The limit is around 4.
What did Luck and Vogel Study (3 steps)?
- You are shown some colored dots
- Then there is a delay
- Then there are again some colored dots and you have to say which ones have changed.
- The limit is 4.
What did Xu and Chung study about WM storage? What were the results(3)?
- The subjects had to determine if anything had changed in a picture after a delay period
- They made one simple memory task and one complex memory task.
- The complexity was in the thing that changed about the item.
- The results showed that the limit was 4 for simple tasks and 2 for complex tasks
- They also showed that after a certain amount of items (4/2) brain activity no longer increased
- This was only in areas that had to do object recognition but not spatial recognition areas.
What is the FFA and when is it active(O’Craven)?
- The Fusiform Face Area is for processing faces.
- It is active when perceiving or imagining faces
What is the PPA and when is it active (O’Craven)?
- The Parahippocampal Place Area is for processing places and spatial layout
- It is active in imagery and perception of that place.
What did Feredoes et al study about distractions in memory? What two methods did they use? What was the result
- They studied how the dlPFC deals with distractions
- They used fMRI on the PPA and FFA
- They used TMS to Increase activity in the dlPFC
- The Target was a face or House and the distractor the opposite.
- There was also a condition with no distractor and a condition without TMS.
- The result was that the dlPFC increases activity in the area for the target and does NOT decrease activity in the distractor area.
What area is involved in Top-Down processing and what is another name for top-down processing?
- The Prefrontal Cortex is involved in this
- You can also call is Feedback sweep because the higher processing regions give feedback to the lower regions
What is another word for Bottom-up processing and why?
- You could also call it Feedforward sweep because it goes from the lowest processing stages to more complex processing stages (it goes forward)
