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1st Year: Neuroscience Keele > Lecture 6 - Resting membrane potential part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Resting membrane potential part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do neurones transmit information?

A

• The nervous system captures, transforms and transmits information.
• The ability to transmit an electric signal is a defining feature of neurons.
The action potential is a very rapid (2 ms) of the resting membrane potential.

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2
Q

what’s a defining feature of neruones?

A

The ability to transmit an electric signal is a defining feature of neurones.

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3
Q

what are some key components to resting membrane potential?

A
  • charged atoms/molecules that are dissolved in the intra- and extracellular fluid.
  • neuronal memrbane
  • proteins
  • forces
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4
Q

How is an action potential generated?

A

Movement of ions with different electric charges across the membrane through specialised proteins

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5
Q

is water a polar molecule?

A

yes

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6
Q

what an ion?

A

atoms with a net electric charge + or -

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7
Q

whats a positive ion called?

A

cation

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8
Q

whats a negative ion called?

A

anion

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9
Q

ho w is a sphere of hydration formed?

A

Water molecule stick electrostatically to ions

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10
Q

what ions are dissolved in the brain?

A

calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride.

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11
Q

The cell membrane is self ______.

A

organising

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12
Q

the polar heads are?

A

hydrophilic

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13
Q

the lipid tail is?

A

hydrophobic

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14
Q

what are ion channels made from?

A

multiple subunits (protein in tertiary structure)

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15
Q

what are the two states of a neurone?

A

resting and action

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16
Q

what does a neurone do at resting state?

A

A neuron is integrating incoming signals and is not generating an action potential

17
Q

what does a neurone do in action state?

A

A neuron has been excited past threshold and fires an action potential.

18
Q

what is membrane potential?

A

the voltage across the membrane at any moment

19
Q

membrane potential is represented by?

A

Voltage in millivolts (Vm)

20
Q

at rest what is the voltage?

A

-65

21
Q

The inside of a cell is more _______ relative to the outside.

A

negative

22
Q

Resting membrane potential is determined by which two forces?

A
  • Concentration (diffusion)

- Electrostatic pressure (voltage)

23
Q

what does voltage do to ions?

A

pushes and pulls them around

24
Q

Ions have an electric charge and moved by _____ ______.

A

electrostatic

pressure

25
Q

define current?

A

movement of electric charge

26
Q

whats the current conductance and voltage equation? (ohms law)

A

I = gV

27
Q

what happens when voltage and diffusion interact?

A
  • membrane impermeable to K+ and A-
  • big concentration gradient
  • no electrical gradient
  • charged particles trapped inside in equal amounts
  • No potential difference between inside and outside of cell
28
Q

How is a balance met?

A
  • diffusion of K+ down concentration gradient
  • cell becomes more negative
  • electric potential difference pulls K+ back in
  • equilibrium reached, no net K+ leaves
29
Q

what happens to forces at equilibrium?

A

they are equal and opposite

30
Q

what happens to potassium during equilibrium?

A

No net movement of potassium

still a lot of potassium inside

31
Q

what is equilibrium potential?

A
  • The electrical potential difference that exactly balances an ionic concentration gradient, if the membrane were permeable only to that ion.
32
Q

what are Large changes in membrane potential caused by?

A

minuscule changes in ionic concentrations

33
Q

The net difference in electric charge occurs at the ____ and ____ surfaces of the membrane.

A

inside

outside

34
Q

whats the equilibrium potential for potassium?

A

-80mV

35
Q

whats the ion driving force?

A

EK = –80 mV; Vm = –65 mV; difference = 15 mV

ENa = 62 mV; Vm = –65 mV; difference = –127 mV

36
Q

whats the equilibrium potential for sodium?

A

62mV

37
Q

If the concentration difference across the membrane is known for an ion, what can be calculated for that ion?

A

equilibrium potential

38
Q

what is the Nernst equation?

A

(RT/zF)

39
Q

If you know what the _________ of an ion is inside and outside of a neuron, you can use the _____ equation to calculate the equilibrium potential for that ion

A
  1. concentration

2. Nernst

1st Year: Neuroscience Keele (28 decks)

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