Lecture 13 & 14 - Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
What are the meninges?
The meninges are three protective layers that support the brain within the cranial cavity
These three layers extend past the brain stem and the spinal cord.
What is the Dura Mater?
the outermost layer which is characteristically tough and thick
What is the Arachnoid space?
the namesake comes from its spiderlike processes that extend it to the third layer (Pia)
What is the Pia mater?
a thin, delicate layer of cells which invests the surface of the brain
Pia mater sticks to the brain, where as arachnoid does not therefore a significant amount of CSF fills the space (known as cisterns)
In anatomical terms what is the outermost layer of the brain?
cortex
What is the cerebral cortex comprised of?
Isocortex (neocortex)
Allocortex
How many layers does the neocortex have?
6
What is the allocortex further divided into?
archiocortex
paleocortex
What is the neocortex responsible for?
For sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought, and in humans, language
What does the paleocortex consist of?
consists of the piriform cortex (specialised for olfaction) and entorhinal cortex (hippocampus)
What does the archiocortex consist of?
this consists of the hippocampus which is a 3-layered cortex and deals with encoding declaritive memory and spatial functions
What does lissencephalic mean?
This means that a brain does not have gyri, sulci or fissures
Which animals may have a lissencephalic brain?
Mouse,
Lissencephalic means that their brains can hold less neurons, hence leaving them in their primitive state of being
What is the insula?
a small region of the cerebral cortex located deep within the lateral sulcus, which is a large fissure that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
What is the operculum?
may refer to the frontal, temporal, or parietaloperculum, which together cover the insula as theoperculaof insula. It can also refer to the occipitaloperculum, part of the occipital lobe.
What is Wernicke’s area?
showcases where about certain sensory control centers on a topographic map
What do cortical neurones consist of?
spiny neurons and non-spiny neurons, the non-spiny neurons consisted of unipolar, bipolar and axodendritic synapses.
What is the tripartite synapse?
Tripartite synapserefers to the functional integration and physical proximity of the presynaptic membrane, postsynaptic membrane, and their intimate association with surrounding glia as well as the combined contributions of these threesynaptic components to the production of activity at the chemicalsynapse
What is layer I of the neocortex?
Layer I is the molecular layer and contains neuropil and very little neurons
What is layer II of the neocortex?
Layer II is the external granule layer
What is layer III of the neocortex?
Layer III is the external pyramidal layer
What is layer IV of the neocortex?
Layer IV is the internal granule layer
What is layer V of the neocortex?
Layer V is the internal pyramidal layer
What is layer VI of the neocortex?
Layer VI is the multiform of fusiform laye
What are layers II and III composed of?
Layers II/III are composed of mostly small pyramidal neurons and stellate cells (smooth and spiny) and layer IV of stellate cells.
What does layer V consist of?
Layer V contains mostly cell bodies of large pyramidal cells and layer VI mostly fusiform cells.
What is sensory homunculus?
What the sensory homunculus does, is that it is a map of the body’s sensations on to the surface of the brain, which is known as somatotopy
What is the Whiskers to barrel system?
Cortical maps recapitulate peripheral order
The body vibrissae of manatees may help to detect the movements of other animals, water currents, tidal flows and changes in the contours of the seabed in their shallow-water environment.
Whiskersare alsoimportantin indicating an animal’s state of mind, and play a role in various social behaviours.
What do Basket cells do to control overall potentials of target cells?
basket cells inhibit synapses
what is phantom limb?
this is where an individual has lost a limb and still feels that it is attached to their body, some may experience phantom pain
