Lecture 4 - Different classes of Glia and their properties Flashcards
List the three types of cells in the brain?
- Neurones
- Blood vessel cells
- Glia
List the types of glial cells?
- Radial glia (CNS)
- Ependymal cells (CNS)
- Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
- Schwan cells (PNS)
- Microglia (CNS)
- Satellite cells (PNS)
- Astrocytes (CNS)
Where are ependymal cells found?
Exists within the lining of the ventricular system (only place)
What do Oligodendrocytes do?
They myelinates axons in the CNS, so the axon potential is faster.
What do Schwann cells do?
Myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system
What are Micoglia important for?
they are like the phagocytes of the nervous system?
What are satellite cells?
They are like astrocytes and exist in the PNS
What do Astrocytes do?
- An astrocyte contacts synapses
- regulate blood pressure.
- They have metabolic functions and trophic functions.
- take up a lot of glutamate to metabolise to glutamine and this is then sent back to neurones
- Astrocytes can scavenge potassium
- Homeostasis of interstitial fluid
what is released form astrocytes?
glio transmitter is a transmitter released form astrocytes. They are the same as neurotransmitters.
What is the tripartite synapse?
Made of post- and pre-synaptic membranes as well as astrocytes
What is the fluid in the brain?
- Brain has four fluid compartments
- 10% of the volume is cerebral spinal fluid
- 10% is blood
- 80% is brain : brain cells and interstitial spaces
How do astrocytes feed neurones?
-Astrocytes presumably feed neurones with lactate they produce from glucose, neurones do not use glucose to produce ATP they use lactate.
Which astrocytes reside in the white and grey matter?
- Fibrous astrocytes reside in the white matter
- Protoplasmic astrocytes reside in the grey matter
What experiment was done involving staining of astrocytes?
-Experiment was done where human astrocytes were injected into a mouse, the human astrocytes then took over.
What is astrogliosis?
Astrogliosis: if someone is slashed across the brain astrocytes go to this damaged area. This is bad because axons can not go through the area where there’s a lot of astrocytes. This is counter productive. The frog brain does not do this.
