Lecture 3 - Different classes of neruones

Question 1

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 1

afferent neurones that carry information about the internal and external world to the CNS

Question 2

What are interneurons?

Answer 2

neurones that can be afferent or efferent and convey signals from one neurone to another

Question 3

What are motor neurone?

Answer 3

efferent neurones that carry signals out of the CNS to target effector organs (muscles, glands)

Question 4

name three structural neurones?

Answer 4

Pyramidal cells
Granule cells
Stellate cells

Question 5

Where are pyramidal cells found?

Answer 5

Found in various brain regions such as cortex and hippocampus

Question 6

Where are stellate cells found?

Answer 6

Found in cerebellum and cortex

Question 7

Where are granule cells found?

Answer 7

Found in cerebellum, cortex, olfactory bulb and cochlear nucleus

Question 8

what kind of components are found in pathways in the brain?

Answer 8

They can include peripheral and central components

They can have ascending (afferent) and descending (efferent) components.

Question 9

What do sensory neurones do?

Answer 9

Sensory neurones gather information from sensory receptors

Question 10

What do motor neurones do?

Answer 10

They exhibit specific characteristics and transit between central and peripheral nervous system (efferent)
They are multipolar

Question 11

What are reflex arcs give an example?

Answer 11

Reflex arcs are rapid, simple circuits composed of three types of neurone
An example is the knee jerk reflex

Question 12

What are cytoarchitectonic maps?

Answer 12

maps based on the classification of different neurones

Question 13

Which four cell types work together to learn skilled motor tasks?

Answer 13

Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granule cell layer
White matter layer

Question 14

what are pyramidal neurones?

Answer 14

these are large cells which have cone/pyramid shaped cell bodies

Question 15

what are granule cells?

Answer 15

grain shaped cells (e.g. like grains of sand)

Question 16

what are stellate cells?

Answer 16

star shaped cells

Question 17

what stem structure of pyramidal cells?

Answer 17

they have apical and basal dendrites and long axons

Large projection neurones

Question 18

what type of neurone are stellate cells?

Answer 18

Small interneurones

Question 19

what’s the structure an shape of stellate neurones?

Answer 19

star shaped dendritic field and generally relatively short axons

Question 20

what are stellate neurones in the cortex like?

Answer 20

In cortex some have spines and are excitatory and some are aspinous and are inhibitory

Question 21

what type of neurone are granule cells?

Answer 21

Small interneurones

Question 22

granule cells have small _____ ______.

Answer 22

cell bodies

Question 23

what are Functional activities in the nervous system organised into?

Answer 23

pathways which contain different neurones working together

Question 24

pathways in the brain are _______.

Answer 24

unidirectional

Question 25

can there be cross talk between two sides of the brain?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

pathways in the brain have the ability to do what?

Answer 26

They can loop back on themselves (feedback)

Question 27

where can sensory receptors be found?

Answer 27

eye, inner ear, skin, joints, nose, tongue

Question 28

what do the sensory neurones of the spine contribute to?

Answer 28

somatosensory system

Question 29

what type of sensory neurones are found in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 29

pseudo-unipolar

Question 30

are sensory neurones afferent or efferent?

Answer 30

afferent

Question 31

where do motor neurones start and end?

Answer 31

Motor neurones project from the brain and spinal cord, the latter ending in muscles and glands

Question 32

where do upper motor neurones in cortex descend too?

Answer 32

descend to projections to lower motor neurones in the spine.

Question 33

A fact about lower motor neurones …

Answer 33

Lower motorneurones leave the spinal cord along spinal nerves, joining the incoming sensory neurones after the ventral and dorsal roots

Question 34

why do reflex arcs use only one or two synapses?

Answer 34

to decrease time from sensation to response

Question 35

what are the two subclasses of anaotmist?

Answer 35

Lumpers – like to put cells into fewer groupings

Splitters – like to make more groupings by looking at ever finer details