Lecture 6

Question 1

-Cortex: the o__ layer of b__ in humans and other mammals or the “__ matter”

Answer 1

outer, brain, gray

Question 2

• Neurons: nerve cells in the c__ n__ system-especially in the b__
• S__ and r__ messages between the b__ and the b__ and they vary in s__, s__, and f__.

More than __ billion neurons make up the gray matter of the brain.

Answer 2

central nervous system, brain

send, receive
brain, body
size, shape, function

100

Question 3

Parts of a Neuron:

• Cell body: contains b__ material
• Dendrites: receive i__ from other cells
• Axon: sends s__
• Synapses: the s__/c__ between neurons

Answer 3

biological

input

sends signals

spaces/connections

Question 4

Developmental Processes:

Neurogenesis: p__ of neurons during cell d__ and begins __ days after conception where neurons then travel to u__ d__.

Answer 4

proliferation

division
42
ultimate destinations

Question 5

Developmental Processes:

•Myelination: formation around a__ to increase s__ of n__ information transmission.

Answer 5

axons, speed, neuronal

Question 6

Developmental Processes:

•Synaptogenesis: neurons form s__ c__ to other neurons

-results in trillions of connections

Answer 6

synapse connections

Question 7

Developmental Processes:

-Synaptic pruning: normal d__ process of e__ synapses that aren’t often u__.

Answer 7

developmental, eliminating, used

Question 8

Importance of Experience:

Plasticity: capacity of a brain to be m__ or c__ by experience.

Answer 8

model, changed

Question 9

•Experience-expectant plasticity: the role of g__ human e__ in shaping brain d__.
-typical experiences that e__ person should have, like s__ input
-leads to problems in d__ if these experiences are not had
•Example: Congenital cataracts
-hubel and wiesel’s cat studies: putting eye patch over eye made it __ even once removed despite no f__ eyes issues.

• Experience-dependent plasticity: when n__ connections are c__ and r_-__ throughout life as a result of e__.
• Example: rodents raised in environments with lots of e__ had more g__ matter in their brains than those who weren’t

Answer 9

general, experience, development

every, sensory

development

blind, functional

neuronal, created, re-organized, experience

enrichment, gray

Question 10

Secular trends: changes in a p__ that occur over g__.

•Example: people today are t__ than older generations
-also earlier m__

Answer 10

population, generations

taller, menstruation

Question 11

Food neophobia: u__ to eat certain foods

•Evolutionary advantage because it may prevent kids from eating u__ foods

Answer 11

unwillingness

unsafe

Question 12

Undernutrition
•Contributes to almost __ of all deaths worldwide in children under _ years old

•Associated with p__

Answer 12

half, 5

poverty

Question 13

Childhood obesity epidemic

•Many factors play a role, including g__ and e__.

Answer 13

genes, environments