Lecture 4 Flashcards
o Teratogens
- Any e__ factor that could have an a__ effect on the d__ human
- Thalidomide- med in Europe used in the 1950’s and 1960’s prescribed for m__ s__, caused structural abnormalities.
- Zika: microcephaly-causes a small h__/b__
environmental, aversive, developing
morning sickness
head/brain
o Dose-response relation
• The h__ the dosage, the h__ the likelihood of damage/worse damage from the teratogen.
higher, higher
o Heredity
• M__ or l__ susceptibility to teratogens
more, less
o Timing
- __ in development did the teratogen occur?
- First . to - weeks of pregnancy
when
3.5-4.5
o Fetal experience
• Vision: __ well developed sense
-legally b__
• Touch: __ developed
- Taste: __ developed
- More s__ present in amniotic fluid means the m__ the fetus will drink (D__ conducted this study)
• Smell: __ developed
- Hearing: __ developed
- Lots to hear and they have an o__ response to their mom’s voice
• L__ “be ba” “ba be” study
• Fetuses can have different h__ r__ to music and speech
• They are able to d__ between the switching of “be ba” with “ba be”
-fetuses h__ to sounds that repeated
least, blind
well
well, saccharin, more, Desnoo
well
well
orienting
Leconuet
heart rates
distinguish
habituated
o Prenatal learning
- “Mom’s voice” study
- Half of the fetuses listened to their m__ reading a poem and the other half heard another w__ reading the poem
- Fetal heart rate i__ when it was the mother’s voice
- “Cat in the hat” study
- Read the story b__ and a__ the babies were born
- They had a s__ pattern of sucking when hearing the same story, would suck in this way to hear moms voice and cat in the hat
- They had an u__ pattern of sucking when hearing a different story
mother, woman
increased
before, after
specific
unspecific
o Birth
- Two universal considerations
- S__ & h__
- S__ integration
- how does child become a member of f__/c__
- cross c__ differences (think m__system)
survival, health
social
family/community
cultural
macrosystem
• Infant mortality = death during first __
-strong association between p__ and infant mortality.
year
poverty
• Low birth weight
less than __ pounds
_% of US live births
very low- less than __ pounds
_% of US live births
5.5
8
- 3
- 4
Low Birth Weight Causes:
- Prematurity: born at __ weeks or earlier
- Small for gestational age: weighs less than you would __ for the amount of __ there was to develop
37
expect, time
o Newborn states
-_ hours crying
- _ hours quiet sleep
- _ hours active sleep
- _ hour drowsing
- _ hours alert awake
- _ hours active awake
2
8
8
1
- 5
- 5
• REM sleep: an a__ sleep state associated with d__ in adults
Infants are in REM sleep a lot, why?
• Visual stimulation study
• Most babies are in REM sleep to help develop the infant’s v__ system since they are basically blind.
• REM helps them to make up for natural deprivation of v__ s__
active, dreaming
visual
visual stimulation
- Soothing
- Ways to console a crying baby
- S__
- R__
- L__
-moderately intense r__ activity
swaddling
rocking
lullabies
repetitive
• Colic: infants who cry e__ for no a__ reason
excessively, apparent
