Lecture 5: Drug-receptor stereochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Arnaldo Piutti

A

-1886 first observation that enantiomers can have different activity
-stereochemistry

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2
Q

L-asparagine

A

tasteless

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3
Q

D-asparagine

A

very sweet

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4
Q

Enantiomers

A

-nonsuperimposable mirror images
-identical pyshiochemical properties (size, solubility, ionization) except optical rotation

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5
Q

Enantiomer nomenclature

A

-R/S
- +/- (d/l)
-D/L

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6
Q

R/S system

A

-by absolute configuration
-3D only
-primary method for drugs

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7
Q

+/- (d/l) system

A

-by optical rotation
-experimentally determined
-dependent on solution condition

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8
Q

D/L system

A

-by relative configuration to glyceraldehyde
-obsolete used only for amino acids and sugars

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9
Q

L-amino acids

A

-all amino acids in proteins (except Gly)
-most are S except Cys which is R

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10
Q

Determination of R/S configuration

A
  1. determine priority of the groups attached to chiral carbon
  2. view molecule with group of lowest priority away
  3. clockwise vs counterclockwise order of the remaining groups
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11
Q

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) priority rule

A

determines priority of groups attached to chiral carbon

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12
Q

Levorphanol

A

analgesic

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13
Q

Dextrorphan

A

antitussive

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14
Q

Levorphanol enantiomer

A

dextrorphan

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15
Q

Receptors

A

-biomolecules formed with chiral structural units
-ALL binding pockets are chiral

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16
Q

Easson-Stedman hypothesis (1933)

A

-the more potent enantiomer must be involved in a minimum of 3 intramolecular interactions with the receptor

17
Q

R-epinephrine

A

endogenous hormone

18
Q

S-epinephrine

A

much less vasopressor activity than R-epinephrine

19
Q

N-methyldopamine

A

same vasopressor activity as S-epinephrine

20
Q

Stereochemical interactions

A

-matters even before target binding affects:
-permeation by transporters
-nonspecific binding to serum proteins
-metabolism

21
Q

Phases a drug encounters before reaching target

A

-membrane selectivity
-selective metabolism
-nonspecific receptors
-drug receptor

22
Q

Racemic Mixtures

A

-many drugs sold this way even though one enantiomer works
-costs too much to separate
-inactive enantiomer is usually inert
-NOT used if enantiomer shows bad side effects

23
Q

Naproxen

A

-sold as pure enantiomer
-(S) active
-(R) liver poisoning

24
Q

Stereoisomers

A

-molecule with more than one chiral center can have up to 2^n
-enantiomers and diastereomers

25
Q

Diastereoisomers

A

not mirror image

26
Q

Geometric isomers

A

-double bonds
-E/Z nomenclature

27
Q

E/Z nomenclature

A

-E is trans
-Z is cis

28
Q

What is the proper name of the propranolol stereoisomer shown below?

A

S-propranolol

29
Q

Homologous Drugs

A

-different R/S notation
-same relative orientation of the relevant functional groups
-(R)-norepinephrine and (S)-propranolol

30
Q

The structure of a stereoisomer of ibuprofen is shown below. What is the proper name of this stereoisomer?

A

R-ibuprofen

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT affected by the stereochemistry of a drug?

A

-passive diffusion

32
Q

Which of the following statements is correct about stereochemistry of drugs?

A

All the above:
-The enantiomer of a drug may have serious side effects.

-The enantiomer of a drug is not likely to have the same efficacy as the drug.

-If the enantiomer of a drug is inert, the racemic mixture can be used as a drug.

33
Q

Which of the following descriptions of enantiomers is incorrect?

A

They have different solubility in water.