Lecture 11: Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions

Question 1

drug-induced hypersensitivity (DIHR)

Answer 1

-low frequency serious adverse reaction with immunological etiology to an otherwise safe and effective therapeutic agent

Question 1

Key characteristics of DIHR

Answer 1

-rare
-unpredicatble
-complex
-potentially fatal

Question 2

Determinants of DIHR

Answer 2

-chemistry
-immunology
-patient factors
-pharmacology

Question 3

DIHR types

Answer 3

-immediate
-delayed

Question 4

Immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 4

-occur within 1 hour
-Type I
-IgE-mediated
-ONLY occurs after PRIOR exposure

Question 5

Delayed hypersensitivity

Answer 5

->1 hour
-type III or IV
-T-cell mediated

Question 6

Penicillin allergy

Answer 6

-most can tolerate drug
-most ppl lose sensitivity within 10 years
-sometimes rash is infection not medicine
-IMMEDIATE

Question 7

Delayed hypersensitivity phases

Answer 7

-sensitization through prior exposure
-effector

Question 8

allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 8

-delayed
-T-cell need costimulation to be activated

Question 9

classification of drug eruptions

Answer 9

-exanthemas
-urticarial
-FDE
-AGEP
-SJS and TEN (could kill ya)

Question 10

Exanthemas

Answer 10

-rash i had from sulfa
-onset 4-14 days

Question 11

DRESS

Answer 11

-drug reaction with eosinophillia and systemic symptoms
-fever, rash, hematological probs, internal organ involvement
-10% mortality
-2-8 weeks onset
-anticonvulsants, antibiotics, allopurinol