Lecture 4 - Proteins 1 Flashcards
What is a monomer
One amino acid
What is dipeptide
Two amino acids
What is a polypeptide
2 or more amino acid
What is a protein
One or more polypeptides
What is an enzyme
They are biological catalyst
They speed up rate of chemical reaction
They have an active site
They have enzyme substrate complex
They are a protein
Induced fit model
Denatured - they don’t die
What is lock and key method
When complementary substrate fits into the active site
They are enzyme substrate complex
Exact shape fits perfectly to the enzyme
What is the induced fit hypothesis
Too simplistic
substrate molecules that cause the enzyme active site to change shape as the substrate binds to its active site
Locks substrate in even more tightly to the enzymes
Induced fit model
When the substrate attaches to the enzyme it changed shape to fit into the enzyme - they are not complementary
Factored that change the rate of reaction of enzymes
Temperature
PH
Substrate conc
Enzyme conc
What are denatured enzymes
Properties related to the tertiary structure
Specific
Active site
Different enzyme - different tertiary structure
PH and high temperature
Mutations in primary structure
At what seconds can you calculate the rate of reaction for PH
60 seconds
The relative rate of reaction 1/time
What is the formula for mean rate of reaction
Quantity of reactant used / time taken
Quantity of product formed / time taken
What is a competitive inhibitor and non competitive inhibitor
Competitive inhabitors- (competes with the substrate )
enzyme activity can be prevented by enzyme inhibitor
These molecules that bind to the enzyme that they inhibit
They compete for active site
No reaction
Similar shape to enzyme
Non competitive - not competing with the substrate
Rate of reaction is just slow
How does concentration affects the inhibitor
High concentration of inhibitor - takes up nearly all of the active site - higher chance of reducing rate of reaction
High concentration of substrate - chances of it getting to active site before inhibitor increases
What is non competitive inhibitor
Doesn’t compete for active site
Molecules bind to enzyme away from its active site
Causes the shape to change and if the shape changes then stops the reaction from happening
Causes the active site to change
Don’t compete with the substrate
Increasing the concentration of the substrate won’t make any difference
What is cyanide action
Inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase
This is involved in aerobic respiration and the production of ATP ( energy )
Posion cant be reversed
What energy is needed for any reaction
Activation energy
What happens when enzymes stop working
They become denatured
What is anabolic
Builds things up
What is catabolic
Break down things
If the energy is leaving the reactants then what energy is it
Exothermic
What is an enzyme substrate complex
The substrate is added to the enzyme
What happens if you reduce the temp
Slow the enzyme down but if go pass that it can denature the enzyme as it will affect the tertiary sector
How does substrate conc affect the rate of reaction
Increases substrate conc there a high likely hood of the active sites to collide
How does Ph affect the rate of enzyme
Some enzymes prefer to work with lower PH
Some enzymes like to work at a optimal temperature
How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme
If it goes pass the temperature the enzyme will become Denatured
What is an inhibitor
Sommat that slows something down
