Lecture 10- Cells And the Immune System

Question 1

Types of diseases

Answer 1

Communicable diseases - transmitted to you by pathogens
Non - communicable - from life style

Question 2

What causes diseases

Answer 2

Pathogens
Viruses
Direct contact
Infect plants and animals

Question 3

Primary Defence barriers in a human

Answer 3

Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Stomach acid
Breathing system
Blood clotting

Question 4

What do viruses have

Answer 4

Core of genetic material - dna or rna
Capsid
Attachment protein

Question 5

What is binary fission

Answer 5

Replication of dna
Division if cytoplasm to produce 2 daughter cells - single copy of dna
Copies of plasmids

Question 6

What is macrophage responsible for

Answer 6

Responsible for phagocytosis

Question 7

What is cytokines

Answer 7

Messenger molecule

Question 8

Explain neutrophil

Answer 8

Neutrophil are attracted to wounds in response from cytokines
Receptors on neutrophil attach
Cytoplasm moves round to engulf pathogen
Lysosomes - has enzymes that breaks it down

Question 9

Describe how phagocytosis of a virus leads to presentation of its antigens

Answer 9

Phagsome fuses with lysosomes
Virus destroys lysosome

Question 10

What is constant region

Answer 10

Each light or heavy chain has constant region
Same for all antibodies
Allow binding to receptors on immunise system cell \same sequence of amino acid

Question 11

Variable region

Answer 11

Each antibody has a different shape variable region - due to amino acid sequence
Complementary to different antigens

Question 12

What is hinge region

Answer 12

Give the molecule flexibility
Adjust so distance between 2 antigen binding sites

Question 13

What is antigen

Answer 13

Specific antigen is attached to an antibody