Lecture 2 - Cells Flashcards
Cellular biology
Smallest unit of organisation
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Where are prokaryotic cells found
2 groups of single celled microorganisms
Bacteria and archaea
Where are Eukaryotic cells found
All forms of life
Plant and animals
Conversion
Cm to mm - x10
Mm to pm -x1000
Pm to nm- x1000
Microscope
Eyepiece - ocular lens
Turret - rotates to bring lens into place
Objective lens - x4 lowest , x10 medium , x40 highest
Stage - slide is placed on
Condenser - used to vary the intensity of light reaching the object
What is resolution
How detailed an image is
Magnification and the formula
How much bigger the image is than the specimen
Size of image / size of specimen = magnification
Size of image = size of specimen x magnification
What is prokaryotic cells
Simple structure
No nucleus
Don’t have membrane bound organelles
Binary fission
Smaller ribosomes
Plasmids
Oldest type of cell
DNA in prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotes carry dna as chromosomes
Short and circular
Aren’t wound round histones
Condenses to fit into cell by supercoiling
Eukaryotic cells
Have nucleus
Long and linear
ribosomes are larger
Membrane bound organelles
DNA in eukaryotic cells
Contain linear dna molecules
Exist as chromosomes
DNA is long to fit = in nucleus
Wound round histones
Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own dna
Circular and shorter
Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells - no nucleus , no membrane bound organelles , use binary fission in cell division , shorter and circular , have a cytosol, ribosome and cells membrane
Eukaryotic cells - have nucleus , have membrane bound organelles , use mitosis /meiosis in cell division , long linear dna molecule , have cytosol,ribosome and cell plasma membrane
Where in the plant does photosynthesis take place
Chloroplast
Range size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic- 0.1 to 5 pm
Eukaryotic-10-100pm
What do the cells not have
Mitochondria
