DNA Replication Flashcards
What is the term for the type of replication where half of the strands in each new DNA molecule come from the original DNA?
Semi-conservative replication
This method of replication ensures genetic continuity.
What is the role of DNA helicase during DNA replication?
DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases to unwind the DNA
This unwinding is essential for the separation of the two DNA strands.
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Catalyzes condensation reactions to join adjacent nucleotides
This enzyme is crucial for synthesizing the new DNA strand.
What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?
- Deoxyribose (pentose sugar)
- Nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines)
- Phosphate group
The sequence of these components encodes genetic information.
What base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
This is part of the base pairing rules in DNA structure.
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix formed by two strands held by hydrogen bonds
The strands are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions.
Which of the following is a type of DNA mutation: Substitution, Duplication, or Inversion?
- Substitution
- Deletion
- Addition
- Duplication
- Inversion
- Translocation
These mutations can affect genetic information in various ways.
What happens during condensation reactions in DNA replication?
Adjacent nucleotides are joined together
This process is essential for forming the backbone of the DNA strand.
Fill in the blank: DNA replication occurs before _______.
cell division
This ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
True or False: DNA is positively charged because of the phosphate.
False
DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups in its backbone.
What is the significance of gene mutations during DNA replication?
They can lead to changes in the genome
While some mutations may be benign, others can lead to diseases.
How many genetically identical cells are produced by mitosis?
2
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
What do shorter DNA fragments do in gel electrophoresis?
Move faster than longer DNA fragments
This principle is used to separate DNA fragments based on size.
What is a stem cell?
A specialized cell capable of differentiation
Stem cells can develop into various cell types in the body.
What is the purpose of the participation assessment in the lecture?
To ensure engagement and understanding of the material covered
It’s required to complete every question of the quiz to earn participation marks.
