Lecture 4: Intro To Anatomy Flashcards
Fascia’s
Wrapping, packing, and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body
Superficial fascia vs deep fascia
Superficial fascia: subcutaneous tissue - a continuous thing, thickness varies on location
Deep fascia: dense, organized connective tissue layer, made of fat that covers most of the body parallel to (deep) to the skin and subcutaneous tissue
What are the two extension modifications of the deep fascia?
Investing fascia: covers or clothes individual membranes and neurovascular bundles (what each muscle is surrounded by)
Intramuscular septa: (wall) divide muscles into groups that are facial compartments and extend centrally to attack to bones
Subserous fascia
Lies between musculoskeletal walls and the serous membrane lining body cavities
- like a layer of glue
- basically wraps the organs in connective tissue
- the space between the lungs and the ribs
Retinacula
Hold tendons in place during joint movements
- thickening of deep fascia
- tenders right under the skin
- keep the tendons from bowing out
Bursa
Closed normally collapsed sac of serous membrane. It allows one structure to move more freely over another
-provides a lubrication
- very thin wall sack made from epithelium and connective tissue
- normally collapsed, has an egg white fluid providing lube
- its what allows you to take your elbow and move it in circles on a table
Tendon sheath
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon. Enclosing it as it transverses a osseofibrous tunnel that anchors the tendon in place
- long and skinny tendon that has a bursa wrapped around it like a donut
- this is in place to not hurt the tendon when it is sliding back and forth on a bone
Where are collapsed bursa sacs found surrounding
The heart, linings, and abdominal viscera
-its like wrapping a large, but empty water balloon around a structure. The organ is now surrounded by two layers (parietal - body wall and visceral - organ wall) IT IS NOT INSIDE THE BALOON
The thin form of lubricating fluid between the two layers confers mobility to the structure, which is surrounded by bursa within a confined compartment
What is a mesentary
The transition layer to switch to inner and outer on the visceral and parietal layer
Skeletal system functions
Support
Protection of vital organs
Mechanical basis if movement
Storage for salts
Constant supply of new blood cells
What is the skeletal system composed of
Cartilage and bones
Skeletal system is divided into
Axial and appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Bones of the head, neck, and trunk
Bones found within the median plane
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs, girdles (pectoral and pelvic) that attack it the axial skeleton
Long bone
Tubular
Long bone just like it sounds
Femur, ulna, radius, humerus, tibia, fibula…..
Short bones
Cuboidal
Wrist, ankle
Flat bones
Usually used for protection
Many cranial bones, scapula, sternum…..
Irregular bones
Not long, short, or flat
Vertebrae
Sesamoid bone
Develop in the tendons where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs
Knee caps
Cartilage
Semirigid avascular connective tissue that’s forms part of the skeleton where more flexibility is required
Like where the ends of the ribs attach to the sternum.. allow for movement
Bone
Living, highly specialized,hard form of connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton
Periosteum
Called perichondrium in cartilage…a fibrous connectove tissue layer that covers the bone except where the articulating survives of the bone are covered by articulate cartilage
What is articulating cartilage, another name, and where is it
Hyaline
Hard, slick, and smooth
It is where a joint and socket would be to allow to movement of the Joing without causing pain
Tendons
Bone to muscle
Articular cartilage
Provides smooth, low friction surface movement of the bone relative to another bone at a joint
Spongy bone ….. aka?
Trabecular bone
Formed from spicules (little spikes) of bone. Has more and larger spaced than compact bone. Forms a central mass of bone (except where it is replaced by medullary cavity - hollow space) deep to contact bone
Compact bone
Fewer and smaller spaces, thin layer surrounding springy bone
Provides strength and weight bearing
Red or yellow bone marrow
Found within the medullary cavity between the spicules of the spongy bone
Red bone marrow = RBC made
Yellow bone marrow = fat storage
Body in a bone
Principle of mass of a bone
In long bones, the shaft.
Capitulum
Small, round articular head
Little head
Condyle
Rounded, knuckle like articular area, often occurring in pairs
Crest
Ridge of bone
Like on a hip bone, the crest surface
Epicondyle
Superior or adjacent to condyle
Facet
Smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage where bone articulates with another bone
Face
Foremen
ROUND passage through the bone
So like the huge hole that is in the skull base
fissure
SPLIT LIKE passage through he bone
Basically like the lines through the skull
Fossa
Hollow or depressed area
Groove
Elongated depression or furrow
Head
Large, round articular end
Line
Linear elevation, sometimes called a ridge
Neck
Narrow portion adjacent to the head
Notch
Indention at the edge of the bone
Process
An extension or protection from a bone
Protuberance
A bulge or projection form a bone
Spine
Thorn like process
Trochlea
Spool like articular process or process that acts as a pulley
Tubercle
Raised eminence
Tuberocity
Rounded elevation
