Lecture 3 - Intro To Anatomy

Question 1

Connective tissue

Answer 1

Contains a bunch of intracellular Māori with cells that are widely spaced. Derived from the mesoderm

• will contain collagenous, elastic, and/or reticular fibers
  - collagen is strong not stretchy - like scotch tape to packing tape….. you cannot break it when the muscle pulls
  - elastic is stretchy not strong

Question 2

What are the functions of connective tissue

Answer 2

Bind structures together
Form framework
Support organs and the body as a whole
Stores fat
Provides mechanical protections
Transports substances
Protect against disease
Help repair tissue

Question 3

What cells types does connective tissue include

Answer 3

Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes (cartilage cell
Osteocytes (bone)
Adipocytes ( fat cells)
Macrophages (WBC)
Mast cells (Provide protection in tissue)

Question 4

What are some subtypes of of connective tissue

Answer 4

Loose connective tissue (areolar) and (reticular connective tissue)
Denice connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 5

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage - found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea - precursor to bone tissue (bone starts out as hyaline cartilage then turns to bone)

Fibrocartilage: very strong - found in intervertebral discs (bond one vertebrae to another), joint capsules, and ligaments (most fibrous)

Elastic cartilage: imparts elasticity to an organ, found in the external ear, epiglottis, larynx

Question 6

What tissue is built from cells that are tightly packed together

Answer 6

Epithelial

Question 7

What tissue functions to form linings that absorb or secrete

Answer 7

Epithelial

Question 8

What tissue is built from cells that are widely spaced apart

Answer 8

Connective

Question 9

What tissue has extra cellular fibers between the cells

Answer 9

Connective

Question 10

Which tissue has cells that are specialized to contract and produce body movements

Answer 10

Muscle

Question 11

Which tissue has cells called neurons that are specialized to produce electrical signals

Answer 11

Nervous

Question 12

What is a muscle tissue

Answer 12

Made from long slender cells (muscle fibers) with the ability to contract (shorten) in order to produce body movement of parts of the body

Cells = fibers
Fibers = long and skinny

Question 13

What is nervous tissue

Answer 13

Made from electrically excitable cells called neurons( must have glial cells to work) that are specialized to produce electrical signals (impulses - which are communication signals)

And a variety of supporting cells collectively called neuroglia (glial cells)

Question 14

Where is nervous tissue located

Answer 14

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 15

What is a viscera

Answer 15

Organs within the ventral body cavity (within the thoracic and abdominal cavities) - from the chest to the hips (heart, lungs, spleen, small intestine……)

Not applies to blood or lymphoid vessels or to nerves

Excludes the brain and spinal cord (in the dorsal body cavity)

Question 16

What is the integumentary system

Answer 16

Consists of:

The skin and smaller specialized organs ( glands, hair follicles, etc..)

Question 17

What is skin made of

Answer 17

Two main layers:
Epidermis and dermis

Question 18

Epidermis in the integumentary system? Vascular? Avascular?

Answer 18

Outer most layer, sits on the dermis

-Made of epithelial tissue that is keratinized (a tough protein making skin water proof and tough)

• has a tough horny superficial layer that provides a protective outer surface
• basal layer is the most deep layer considered in the epidermis it’s pigmented
• avascular: has no blood vessels or lymphatics. Does contain a few afferent nerve endings

Question 19

What is the dermis in the integumentary system?

Answer 19

Made mostly of connective tissue with interlacing elastic and collagen fibers that provide tone and strength

High vascular and well supplies with nerve endings. Sensitive to pain tough and temp

Contains some organs

Question 20

Inside the integumentary system is the dermis…. What is deep to the dermis?

Answer 20

subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) consisting of loose connective tissue and stored fat
- used for insulation and padding

Contain sweat glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves (skin nerves)

Question 21

What are specialized structures in the dermis?

Answer 21

Hair follicle: produce hair and regulate hair growth
- arrector (arrector pilli) muscles: contraction erects hair and causes goose bumps

         - sebaceous glands: secrete an oily product onto the hair and skin surface

Sweat glands: provide watery secretion which aids in heat loss

Sensory receptors: meissners corpuscles (sensory receptor high in the dermis - can detect if a fly is walking on the skin)

Aterioles: dilation or constriction promotes heat loss or retention

Question 22

What are the integumentary system functions

Answer 22

Protection: skin protects from evading microorganisms

Containment for the body tissues, organs, and fluids

Thermoregulation

Sensation: pain, touch, cool, warm

Synthesis and toage of vitamin D