Lecture 3 - Intro To Anatomy Flashcards
Connective tissue
Contains a bunch of intracellular Māori with cells that are widely spaced. Derived from the mesoderm
- will contain collagenous, elastic, and/or reticular fibers
- collagen is strong not stretchy - like scotch tape to packing tape….. you cannot break it when the muscle pulls
- elastic is stretchy not strong
What are the functions of connective tissue
Bind structures together
Form framework
Support organs and the body as a whole
Stores fat
Provides mechanical protections
Transports substances
Protect against disease
Help repair tissue
What cells types does connective tissue include
Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes (cartilage cell
Osteocytes (bone)
Adipocytes ( fat cells)
Macrophages (WBC)
Mast cells (Provide protection in tissue)
What are some subtypes of of connective tissue
Loose connective tissue (areolar) and (reticular connective tissue)
Denice connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage - found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea - precursor to bone tissue (bone starts out as hyaline cartilage then turns to bone)
Fibrocartilage: very strong - found in intervertebral discs (bond one vertebrae to another), joint capsules, and ligaments (most fibrous)
Elastic cartilage: imparts elasticity to an organ, found in the external ear, epiglottis, larynx
What tissue is built from cells that are tightly packed together
Epithelial
What tissue functions to form linings that absorb or secrete
Epithelial
What tissue is built from cells that are widely spaced apart
Connective
What tissue has extra cellular fibers between the cells
Connective
Which tissue has cells that are specialized to contract and produce body movements
Muscle
Which tissue has cells called neurons that are specialized to produce electrical signals
Nervous
What is a muscle tissue
Made from long slender cells (muscle fibers) with the ability to contract (shorten) in order to produce body movement of parts of the body
Cells = fibers
Fibers = long and skinny
What is nervous tissue
Made from electrically excitable cells called neurons( must have glial cells to work) that are specialized to produce electrical signals (impulses - which are communication signals)
And a variety of supporting cells collectively called neuroglia (glial cells)
Where is nervous tissue located
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What is a viscera
Organs within the ventral body cavity (within the thoracic and abdominal cavities) - from the chest to the hips (heart, lungs, spleen, small intestine……)
Not applies to blood or lymphoid vessels or to nerves
Excludes the brain and spinal cord (in the dorsal body cavity)
What is the integumentary system
Consists of:
The skin and smaller specialized organs ( glands, hair follicles, etc..)
What is skin made of
Two main layers:
Epidermis and dermis
Epidermis in the integumentary system? Vascular? Avascular?
Outer most layer, sits on the dermis
-Made of epithelial tissue that is keratinized (a tough protein making skin water proof and tough)
- has a tough horny superficial layer that provides a protective outer surface
- basal layer is the most deep layer considered in the epidermis it’s pigmented
- avascular: has no blood vessels or lymphatics. Does contain a few afferent nerve endings
What is the dermis in the integumentary system?
Made mostly of connective tissue with interlacing elastic and collagen fibers that provide tone and strength
High vascular and well supplies with nerve endings. Sensitive to pain tough and temp
Contains some organs
Inside the integumentary system is the dermis…. What is deep to the dermis?
subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) consisting of loose connective tissue and stored fat
- used for insulation and padding
Contain sweat glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves (skin nerves)
What are specialized structures in the dermis?
Hair follicle: produce hair and regulate hair growth
- arrector (arrector pilli) muscles: contraction erects hair and causes goose bumps
- sebaceous glands: secrete an oily product onto the hair and skin surface
Sweat glands: provide watery secretion which aids in heat loss
Sensory receptors: meissners corpuscles (sensory receptor high in the dermis - can detect if a fly is walking on the skin)
Aterioles: dilation or constriction promotes heat loss or retention
What are the integumentary system functions
Protection: skin protects from evading microorganisms
Containment for the body tissues, organs, and fluids
Thermoregulation
Sensation: pain, touch, cool, warm
Synthesis and toage of vitamin D
