Exam 1 - Skeletal system Flashcards
skeletal system 5 functions
1 - support
2 - protection of vital structures (heart)
3 - mechanical basis for movement (provides levers for muscles to pull)
4 - storage for salts
5 - continuous supply of new bone cells
what two systems is the skeletal system divided into
1 - axial : all bones falling in the medial line (head, neck, and trunk)
- including rib cage and tailbone
2 - appendicular: bones of all the limbs and girdle that attach limbs to the axial skeleton (pectoral and pelvic)
long bones
tubular (femur)
short bones
cuboidal (wrist and ankle)
irregular bones
not long, not short, not flat (vertebrae)
flat bones
usually protective (many cranial bones)
sesamoid bones
develop in tendons where tendons cross the the ends of (patella)
cartilage
avascular connective tissue that forms part of the skeleton where more flexibility is required
where the ribs attach to the sternum so we can inhale and exhale
bone
LIVING, highly specialized, hard for of connectove tissue that makes up the skeleton
periosteum
fibrous connective tissue layer that covers each bone except where the parts of the bone are covered with articular cartilage
called perichondrium in a cartilage
what does the periosteum provide
an interface for attachment for tendons (binds muscle to bone) and ligaments (binds bone to bone)
articular cartilage
provides smooth, low friction surface for movement of the bone realtive to another bone at a joint
the femur head has articular cartilage for the socket of the hip
spongy bone…aka…
trabecular
formed from spicules of bone. has large spaces that forms a central mass of bone
medulary cavity
found in spongy bone
hollow space in the middle surrounded by spongy bone
compact bone
fewer and smaller spaces than spongy bone, thin layer surrounding the spongy bone
