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Anatony > Lecture 2: Intro To Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial

A

Near the body surface

The breast bone is superficial to the heart

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2
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the body’s surface. The heart is deep to the chest bone

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3
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to the attached limb

The elbow is proximal to the wrist - bc the elbow is closer to the shoulder which is the attachment point

The wrist is proximal to the fingers

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4
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from attachment of the limb

The elbow is distal to the shoulder

The wrist it’s distal to the elbow

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5
Q

Dorsum

A

The superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the bod
- the tongue, penis, hands, and feet all have a dorsum (superior - top) surface.
- DORSUM DONOT touch the ground

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6
Q

Plantar

A

Is the sole of the foot

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7
Q

How could I describe the nipple to the belly button and opposite?

A

Medialinferior

Superiorlateral

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8
Q

Bilateral vs unilateral

A

Bilateral: having two of the same structure on both the right and the left side of the body.
- kidneys, hands, feet, eyes, ears…..

Unilateral: having only one on either the left side of the body or the right NOT both
- appendix, spleen….

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9
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Occurring in the same side of the body (either right or the left)
- right hand and right foot.
- left ear and left left eye

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10
Q

Contralateral

A

Occurring on the opposite side of the body
- the right hand and the left leg
- the left eye and the right ear

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11
Q

Flexion

A

Bending or decreasing

  • above the knee flexion means to bend forward. Anterior movement
    - bend at the hip, bend the bicep forward, bring the arm forward
  • below the knee is bending backward.
    - flexion is done by bending the knee back or curling the toes back
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12
Q

Extension

A

Is straightening the joint

  • straightening the knee out, fingers out, arm out…
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13
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of the ankle joint by bringing the foot to the sky

“DOOR”siflexion bringing foot up to hold the door

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14
Q

Planarflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle to bring the heal off the ground

‘PLANT”arflexion lifting on toes to look at plants

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15
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension of the limb beyond the normal limit

  • this has to have work done to it in order to bend because we cannot physically do this alone
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16
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the median plane

Abducting the arm away

17
Q

Adduction

A

Adding the limb back to the medial plane

18
Q

Rotation

A

Turning around a body part around its axis

19
Q

Medial rotation

A

Rotation to bring back to the medial plane

  • You are looking left or right and you turn your head to look straight is an example of medial rotation
20
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Moving your head to look left or right. Rotation away form the median plane

21
Q

Circumspection

A

Is moving of the loving on all direction in a circle

  • special sequence of abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion

“CIRCLE”

22
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Special form of abduction for only the neck and trunk. Touching ear to shoulder

23
Q

Pronation

A

Rotated the radius medially so the palm of the hand is facing down

  • palm is facing posterior and the dorsum is facing anterior
24
Q

Supination

A

Lateral movement of the radius so the palms are facing up

  • the palms are now facing superior and the dorsum is facing posterior
25
Q

Eversion

A

Moved the isle of the foot away from medial plane. Moves sole of foot to point outward

26
Q

Inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot to the median

Turning the sole of the foot “IN”version

27
Q

Protrusion

A

Anterior movement

  • protruding chin, lips, or tongue
28
Q

Retrusion

A

Posterior movement

  • pilling the tongue back in the mouth, moving the jaw back, pulling lip back in
29
Q

Protraction

A

Anteriolateral movement

  • moving shoulder blades forward
30
Q

Retraction

A

Posteriomedial

  • pulling shoulder back
31
Q

Anatomical variation

A

All out structural differences that make us who we are

  • some have the tendency to and wrist and some don’t
32
Q

Tissue

A

recognizable collection of cells plus material (matrix) between cells that function as units

Tissue are thought of as fabrics use to construct organ systems

33
Q

What are the four basic types of tissues

A

1 - epithelium
2 - connective tissue
3 - muscle tissue
4 - nervous tissue

34
Q

Epithelium

A

Is the outer later that is used for protection, secretion, and absorption

  • cells are tacked very tightly with little intercellular matrix fluid
  • forms the linings and coverings of the bodies surface, cavities, organs, and major tissue glands
35
Q

How are epithelium cells attached to underlying connective tissue

A

Basement membrane

36
Q

Epithelium shapes?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

Can be arranged in single or multilayers

Anatony (13 decks)

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