Lecture 4 Flashcards
What are some of the major questions with cell sources?
How hard are the cells to get, donor site morbidity, cost, will they be functional, do you need to deliver or recruit cells
What are the two characteristics that define stem cells?
self renewal and differentiable
Where can stem cells be found?
on the embryo, kidney, liver, fat, intestine, skin, bone marrow, etc (most organs)
What is the definition of stem cells?
Unspecialized cells which divide, renew, and differentiate into specialized cells.
Their number,
proliferation, and
differentiation capacity
_______ along
development and aging. (increase or decrease)
decrease
What are totipotent stem cells?
Can give rise to entire organism (zygote: fertilized egg).
What are pluripotent stem cells?
Can give rise to 3 germ layers. Can do everything in the human body except placenta/umbilical cord.
What are multipotent stem cells?
Limited to tissue or organ specific cells.
Why are progenitor cells not defined as stem cells?
they dont have the same ability to self renew
Why type of stem cells form Embryonic stem cells?
Pluripotent
What are the cons of ESCs?
ethical concerns (destroying a developing embryo)
What is included in the ectoderm?
brain, spinal cord, hair, skin, sensory cells of eyes, ears
What is included in in the mesoderm?
muscles, blood, connective tissues, heart
What is included in the endoderm?
gut. lungs, bladder, germ cells
What stem cells form iPSCs?
pluripotent cells
How are iPSC cells made?
derived from adult cells through reprogramming
What are some probs about iPSCs?
fewer ethical concerns compared to ESC
Do heart cells renew?
No they basically stay with you as a child
How long does it take stem cells to double in population?
24 hours
What factors affect cell growth in vivo?
environment, space, and nutrients
What is necrosis?
The death of cells due to stress; cell swelling
What is apoptosis?
cell suicide; the death of cells due to self destruction; cell shrinking
Do all stem cells survive growth?
No, some of them die
