Exam 2 Ethics in TE Flashcards
What is the objective of Ethics?
Ethics: Finding true about values (good or bad) and moral norms (what one ought to do)
What is the objective of Science?
Science: Finding true propositions/norms about the world and reliable predictions
How has the development of ethics impacted animal studies?
The development of ethics has led to stricter regulations in animal studies, ensuring humane treatment through the 3Rs and mandatory committee approvals.
What are the 3Rs?
- Replacement – Is there another alternative to animal studies
- Reduction – Minimize the use of animals
- Refinement – Minimize harm and improve welfare of animals
What is the scientific input on animal studies?
Scientific input does not justify it as good or bad. But considerations have been in
place to demonstrate some level of respect and consciousness for animals’ life
What are the different principles that are used to address conflicting values in ethics?
Precautionary principle, Principle of proportionality, Principle of beneficence / no harm, Principle of autonomy, Utilitarianism
What is the precautionary principle:
requires us to stop if there are uncertainties about the risks involved, and it places the burden of proof of safety on those who want to promote a change.
What is the principle of proportionality?
states that responses should be proportional to the good that can be achieved and the harm that may be caused.
What is the Principle of beneficence / no harm?
The obligations of nonmaleficence include
not only obligations not to inflict harm, but also not to impose risks of harm. Beneficence requires that we not only treat patients autonomously and refrain from harming them, but that we also contribute to their welfare.
What is the principle of autonomy?
Every person should be respected in their decisions that
are not detrimental to others.
What is utilitarianism?
Which decisions would bring more good or more happiness?
What is the origin of Nuremberg Code’s Ethical Guidelines for Research?
Post-WWII trials to address unethical human experimentation.
What is the purpose of Nuremberg Code’s Ethical Guidelines For Research?
Protect human subjects in research.
What are some of the the norms of the Nuremberg Code’s Ethical Guidelines For Research
Voluntary consent, right to withdraw, risk minimization, qualified researchers, and humanitarian benefit.
