Exam topics 2 Flashcards
What is mechanobiology?
Study of how physical forces influence cellular behavior
What is mechanotransduction?
Process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals.
What are integrins?
Transmembrane receptors that connect extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, critical for mechanotransduction.
Why is it important to know about integrin receptors when engineering a tissue?
Influences cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in engineered tissues
What are the different variables to consider when engineering the cell microenvironment?
What is the chemical structure of ceramics?
crystalline or amorphouse
What are the general mechanical properties of ceramics?
brittle, high compressive strength
What are examples of ceramics?
hydroxyapatite: promotes bone growth
Ceramics degrade by what mechanisms?
dissolution, disintegration, phagocytosis
What is the structure of polymers?
long chain molecules composed if repeating units
What is dissociation degradation?
chemical reactions that break down polymers into smaller molecules
What are the ways that polymers degrade?
hydrolysis, oxidation, enzymatic, dissociation
How does solubility affect polymers?
- Hydrophilic side chains or polar functional groups increase solubility in water.
- Crystalline regions and hydrophobic backbones decrease solubility.
How does MW and crosslinking affect polymers?
High molecular weight and crosslinking enhance strength and stiffness.
Flexible backbones or low crystallinity lead to increased elasticity.
Amorphous regions degrade ____ than crystalline regions due to _____ water penetration.
Amorphous regions degrade faster than crystalline regions due to easier water penetration.
If you wanted a polymer to degrade slower, would yo want it to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophobic
What is bulk errosion?
Material density degrades (think sponge)
What is surface errosion?
degradation that occurs at the surface and makes the material smaller
How do you get the youngs modulus on a stress vs strain graph?
slope of the linear region
How do you get the ultimate strength on a stress vs strain graph?
maxima on entire graph
How do you get the yield strength on a stress vs strain graph?
highest y reading of the linear section
Will the slope of a stress strain curve be larger in ceramic or hydrogels?
ceramics
What are viscoelastic materials?
Exhibit both viscous (fluid-like) and elastic (solid-like) behavior
What is systemic delivery?
Delivered through the bloodstream to the whole body.
