Lecture 3 & 4 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cell sources?
Autologous, Allogeneic, Xenogeneic
What are the types of valves in the heart?
Pulmonary, Tricuspid, Aortic, Mitral
What are xenogeneic cells?
cells from non-human animals
What are autologous cells?
cells that are collected from an individual’s own body
What are allogeneic cells?
Cells that come from a human donor
What are some of the major questions for cells sources?
Cost, how hard are the cells to get, donor site morbidity, will they be functional (age or disease), immune response to foreign cells, do I need to deliver, or could I recruit cells
What two characteristics define stem cells?
self-renewal and differentiability
What does it mean for cells to be self-renewable?
able to make more cells like themselves
What does it mean for cells to be able to differentiate?
they can become other cells that do different things
What are the three main characteristics of stem cells?
- Unspecialized
(undifferentiated) cells which divide and renew for long periods - They can differentiate and mature into specialized cells
- Their number,
proliferation, and
differentiation capacity
decrease along development and aging
What are totipotent stem cells?
Cells that can give rise to
entire organism (zygote:
fertilized egg)
What are pluripotent stem cells?
cells that can give
rise to 3 germ layers
What are multipotent stem cells?
Cells that are limited to
tissue or organ specific cells
What is the order (from highest to lowest) of the stem cell hierarchy?
- Totipotent
2.pluripotent - multipotent
- unipotent
Name a few recent technologies in tissue engineering?
bioprinting, mechanobiology, iPSC, decellularized organs, immunomodulation
What are some things that are in the future for tissue engineering?
organs-on-a-chip, engineered meat, engineered leather, clinical translation, etc
What are some of the challenges with pharma companies?
companies having a large profit margin
What are some large sectors in the tissue engineering field?
orthopedics, hydrogels, and polymers
What is a social justice challenges with tissue engineering?
People who have rare diseases, that don’t make up a large market, there may not be a lot of research because there is not a profit there
