Exam Topics 1 Flashcards
What does the tissue engineering triad consist of?
cells, signals, scaffolds
Who were the founders of tissue engineering?
Langer and Vacanti
Explain the vacanti mouse experiment.
A scaffold was implanted in the back of a mouse in the shape of a human ear to test biocompatability
What is autocrine signaling?
A cell signaling itself
What is paracrine signaling?
A cell signaling to another cell
What is endocrine signaling?
Cell signaling to far away cells through the bloodstream
What are autolologous cells?
Cells taken from the patient
What are allogenic cells?
Cells taken from another human donor
What are xenogenic cells?
Cells taken from an animal
What is self-renewal?
A cells ability to divide and proliferate
What does it mean for cells to differentiate?
The cells are able to become specialized
What are the main stem cell properties?
self-renewal and differentiation
What are the pros and cons of iPSC over embryonic stem cells.
Pros:
-can differentiate into any cells
- solved the ethical concerns
Cons
- can over proliferate and become tumorous
- cost
What does the Wnt/b-catenin pathway regulate?
- Regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
- Important for stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration
What is the impact of MSC on the immune system?
- Immunomodulatory effects that can suppress inflammatory responses
- Useful in treating autoimmune diseases and promoting tissue repair
What are the four Yamanaka factors used for iPSC reprogramming?
OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC
What is cytotoxicity?
The potential of a biomaterial to cause cell death
What is biocompatability?
The ability for a biomaterial to interact with the host as a whole without disruption or having a reaction
What is the order of the stem cell heirarchy?
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent
What are totipotent stem cells?
Can give rise to all body cells and extraembryonic tissues (e.g. zygote)
What are pluripotent stem cells?
Can give rise to all of the cells in your body except extraembryonic tissues (e.g. iPSCs)
What are Multipotent stem cells?
Can differentiate into a limited range of cells within a tissue type (e.g. MSCs)
What are unipotent stem cells?
Can produce only one cell type but can self-renew
What is chemotaxis?
response of cell in direction or away from a soluble component (e.g., growth factor)
