Lecture 4 Flashcards
Limits the posterior boundary of the hypothalamus.
mamillary bodies
This controls homeostatic functions.
hypothalamus
Vascular landmarks for the Oculomotor Nerve CN III.
posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
Pure motor nerves should be found more _____ while pure sensory nerves should be found more _____.
medial, lateral
What is the Oculomotor nerve CN III posterior to?
mamillary bodies
The Abducens nerve CN VI exits right at the base of the _____.
pons
The Trochlear nerve CN IV exits _________.
posteriorly, then runs anteriorly into superior orbital fissure
This cranial nerve is found lateral to the Abducens nerve CN VI at the pontocerebellar angle.
Facial nerve CN VII
This cranial nerve is found just below and most lateral to the Facial nerve CN VII.
Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII
There is no anatomical discrimination between the rootlets of these cranial nerves.
CN IX, X, XI (exit posteror to olive)
What is unique about the path of Spinal Accessory CN XI?
hitchhikes on Cervical nerves (C3 and C4) through foramen magnum and joins with vagus before branching off again
This is where (at the base) 90% of corticospinal fibers cross the midline for volitional control.
pyramids (found between the olives)
Which cranial nerve is found between the pyramid and olive on each side?
Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
This groove runs along 4th ventricle.
sulcus limitans (separates motor from sensory)
This is created from the facial nerve wrapping around the abducens before exiting the pons.
facial colliculus
This gland goes through an involutionary process, and ceases to function after puberty.
pineal gland (calcifies and is used as a landmark for radiology)
Associated with visual tracking.
superior colliculus
Associated with auditory tracking.
inferior colliculus
The diencephalon is above and the pons below this landmark.
superior and inferior colliculus
Membrane that forms roof of 4th ventricle and keeps CSF inside.
superior medullary velum
Always forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle.
caudate nucleus
White matter tract above space for ventricle.
corpus callosum
White matter lateral to the caudate nucleus.
internal capsule
What gyrus is located above corpus callosum?
cingulate gyrus
This is inferior to internal capsule and contains white and grey matter.
basal ganglia
First cells to die in Alzheimer’s.
diagonal band of Broca (involved in memory)
Connection between the two sides of the brain through commissure fibers.
corpus callosum (connects neurons on opposite sides of the brain - interconnections of the brain (both sides know what’s going on)
Coordination of movement uses these fibers.
association fibers (ex. muscles of hip need to communicate with muscles of the knee)
Septum Pellucidum
in the midline between the ventricles
Diaschisis
when neurons on one side die, the connected neurons on the other side die as well
This will form the medial walls of the 3rd ventricle.
thalamus
Part of basal ganglia, behind crus cerebri (cells that die off in parkinson disease).
substantia nigra
Controls your emotions.
amygdala
Posterior to amygdyla, creation of memories, part of limbic system.
hippocampus
Between frontal and temporal lobes, what is the artery located there?
middle cerebral artery
Corticobulbar fibers run through it to innervate cranial nerves.
Genu body
Striate cortex
visual cortex (lateral geniculate nucleus)
Infundibulum
stalk of pituitary
Form a diamond shape space called the 4th Ventricle.
Superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles
Boundary between brainstem (above) and spinal cord (below).
obex
CVA in area of commissural neurons causes loss of?
trans communication of the brain (via synapses and trophic factors) and neurons on unaffected side will die (disciphys)
Columns of the Fornix
Axons that come down from septum pellucidum to form columns; Opens up a space (dark spot next to cut): called foramen of monro; takes CSF from lateral ventricle into 3rd ventricle
A lesion in the crus cerebri will affect which side of the body?
contralateral
Lateral Geniculate Body
Part of the thalamus; Part of visual system (relay station)
Medial Geniculate Body
part of thalamus, relay of auditory system
Surrounded by periaqueductal grey.
cerebral aqueduct
Which area gives us pleasure, pain, and is associated with addictive behaviors? (basal ganglia –>?)
cingulate gyrus
In a transverse cut, if thalamus and the 3rd ventrivle are visible, what must lie just lateral to the thalamus?
posterior limb of the internal capsule (continuous with the crus cerebri)
How do you know when the transition from posterior limb of internal capsule to crus cerebri occurs?
substantia nigra is visible
This nucleus in the pons plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle and appears as a dark stain due to melanin.
locus coeruleus (or ceruleus)
The cerebellum develops around this, and it is always found closest to the 4th ventricle.
flocculonodular lobe
This nucleus is found around the flocculonodular lobe.
dentate
CSF flows from the lateral ventricle into the 3rd ventricle via?
foramina of Monro
Connection between the halves of the thalamus?
massa intermedia (also called middle commissure, interthalamic adhesion)
This groove separates thalamus and hypothalamus.
sulcus limitans
What two structures does the calcarine fissure separate?
lingual and cuneus
What is the pars opercularis (also Brodmann’s area 44, 45)?
Broca’s area (anterior to precentral gyrus, horseshoe turn, primary motor plan for speech area)
