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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Limits the posterior boundary of the hypothalamus.

A

mamillary bodies

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2
Q

This controls homeostatic functions.

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

Vascular landmarks for the Oculomotor Nerve CN III.

A

posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries

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4
Q

Pure motor nerves should be found more _____ while pure sensory nerves should be found more _____.

A

medial, lateral

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5
Q

What is the Oculomotor nerve CN III posterior to?

A

mamillary bodies

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6
Q

The Abducens nerve CN VI exits right at the base of the _____.

A

pons

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7
Q

The Trochlear nerve CN IV exits _________.

A

posteriorly, then runs anteriorly into superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

This cranial nerve is found lateral to the Abducens nerve CN VI at the pontocerebellar angle.

A

Facial nerve CN VII

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9
Q

This cranial nerve is found just below and most lateral to the Facial nerve CN VII.

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

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10
Q

There is no anatomical discrimination between the rootlets of these cranial nerves.

A

CN IX, X, XI (exit posteror to olive)

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11
Q

What is unique about the path of Spinal Accessory CN XI?

A

hitchhikes on Cervical nerves (C3 and C4) through foramen magnum and joins with vagus before branching off again

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12
Q

This is where (at the base) 90% of corticospinal fibers cross the midline for volitional control.

A

pyramids (found between the olives)

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve is found between the pyramid and olive on each side?

A

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

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14
Q

This groove runs along 4th ventricle.

A

sulcus limitans (separates motor from sensory)

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15
Q

This is created from the facial nerve wrapping around the abducens before exiting the pons.

A

facial colliculus

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16
Q

This gland goes through an involutionary process, and ceases to function after puberty.

A

pineal gland (calcifies and is used as a landmark for radiology)

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17
Q

Associated with visual tracking.

A

superior colliculus

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18
Q

Associated with auditory tracking.

A

inferior colliculus

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19
Q

The diencephalon is above and the pons below this landmark.

A

superior and inferior colliculus

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20
Q

Membrane that forms roof of 4th ventricle and keeps CSF inside.

A

superior medullary velum

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21
Q

Always forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle.

A

caudate nucleus

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22
Q

White matter tract above space for ventricle.

A

corpus callosum

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23
Q

White matter lateral to the caudate nucleus.

A

internal capsule

24
Q

What gyrus is located above corpus callosum?

A

cingulate gyrus

25
Q

This is inferior to internal capsule and contains white and grey matter.

A

basal ganglia

26
Q

First cells to die in Alzheimer’s.

A

diagonal band of Broca (involved in memory)

27
Q

Connection between the two sides of the brain through commissure fibers.

A

corpus callosum (connects neurons on opposite sides of the brain - interconnections of the brain (both sides know what’s going on)

28
Q

Coordination of movement uses these fibers.

A

association fibers (ex. muscles of hip need to communicate with muscles of the knee)

29
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

in the midline between the ventricles

30
Q

Diaschisis

A

when neurons on one side die, the connected neurons on the other side die as well

31
Q

This will form the medial walls of the 3rd ventricle.

A

thalamus

32
Q

Part of basal ganglia, behind crus cerebri (cells that die off in parkinson disease).

A

substantia nigra

33
Q

Controls your emotions.

A

amygdala

34
Q

Posterior to amygdyla, creation of memories, part of limbic system.

A

hippocampus

35
Q

Between frontal and temporal lobes, what is the artery located there?

A

middle cerebral artery

36
Q

Corticobulbar fibers run through it to innervate cranial nerves.

A

Genu body

37
Q

Striate cortex

A

visual cortex (lateral geniculate nucleus)

38
Q

Infundibulum

A

stalk of pituitary

39
Q

Form a diamond shape space called the 4th Ventricle.

A

Superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles

40
Q

Boundary between brainstem (above) and spinal cord (below).

A

obex

41
Q

CVA in area of commissural neurons causes loss of?

A

trans communication of the brain (via synapses and trophic factors) and neurons on unaffected side will die (disciphys)

42
Q

Columns of the Fornix

A

Axons that come down from septum pellucidum to form columns; Opens up a space (dark spot next to cut): called foramen of monro; takes CSF from lateral ventricle into 3rd ventricle

43
Q

A lesion in the crus cerebri will affect which side of the body?

A

contralateral

44
Q

Lateral Geniculate Body

A

Part of the thalamus; Part of visual system (relay station)

45
Q

Medial Geniculate Body

A

part of thalamus, relay of auditory system

46
Q

Surrounded by periaqueductal grey.

A

cerebral aqueduct

47
Q

Which area gives us pleasure, pain, and is associated with addictive behaviors? (basal ganglia –>?)

A

cingulate gyrus

48
Q

In a transverse cut, if thalamus and the 3rd ventrivle are visible, what must lie just lateral to the thalamus?

A

posterior limb of the internal capsule (continuous with the crus cerebri)

49
Q

How do you know when the transition from posterior limb of internal capsule to crus cerebri occurs?

A

substantia nigra is visible

50
Q

This nucleus in the pons plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle and appears as a dark stain due to melanin.

A

locus coeruleus (or ceruleus)

51
Q

The cerebellum develops around this, and it is always found closest to the 4th ventricle.

A

flocculonodular lobe

52
Q

This nucleus is found around the flocculonodular lobe.

A

dentate

53
Q

CSF flows from the lateral ventricle into the 3rd ventricle via?

A

foramina of Monro

54
Q

Connection between the halves of the thalamus?

A

massa intermedia (also called middle commissure, interthalamic adhesion)

55
Q

This groove separates thalamus and hypothalamus.

A

sulcus limitans

56
Q

What two structures does the calcarine fissure separate?

A

lingual and cuneus

57
Q

What is the pars opercularis (also Brodmann’s area 44, 45)?

A

Broca’s area (anterior to precentral gyrus, horseshoe turn, primary motor plan for speech area)

Anatomy 2 (23 decks)

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