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SAC Microbiology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sticky envelope made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides that surround the cell.

A

Glycocalyx

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2
Q

Used to propel the organism.

A

Flagella

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3
Q

Composed of peptidoglycan in many bacteria.

A

Cell wall

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4
Q

Tubules that are used to transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

A

Pili

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5
Q

Bristle-like projections used by bacterial cells to attach themselves to objects.

A

Fimbriae

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6
Q

The ____ _____ is the defining structure of a cell.

A

cell membrane

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7
Q

The cell wall makes a bacterial cell rigid and helps it withstand intracellular ____ ____ that can build up as a result of ____ ____.

A

turgor pressure; osmotic shock

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8
Q

Gram positive bacteria have multiple layers of ____.

A

Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Gram negative bacteria have a single layer of ____, enclosed by an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides.

A

Peptidoglycan

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10
Q

Peptidoglycan is reinforced by ____ acids threaded through the layers.

A

Teichoic

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11
Q

What type of bacteria is considered Gram-positive, but their envelopes are exceptionally thick and complex, including extra layers not found in other Gram-positive cells.

A

Mycobacteria

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12
Q

Mycobacteria can be stained using the ____ procedure but not ____.

A

Acid-fast; Gram stain

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13
Q

Bacterial DNA is organized in a ?

A

nucleoid

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14
Q

All of the DNA loops in a nucleoid connect back to a central point called the ____, which is attached to the cell envelope at a point on the cell’s “equator.”

A

Origin of replication (ORI)

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15
Q

Bacterial replication begins at the origin and proceeds in both ____ all around the circle

A

directions

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16
Q

Replication of the DNA termination site triggers the growth of the dividing partition of the envelope, called the ____.

A

septum

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17
Q

Diplococcus

A

Pair of two cocci

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18
Q

Tetrad

A

Grouping of four cocci arranged in a square

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19
Q

Streptococcus

A

Chain of cocci

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20
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Cluster of cocci

21
Q

Bacilius

A

Single rod

22
Q

Streptobacilius

A

Chain of rods

23
Q

The transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell is called ____.

A

conjugation

24
Q

Straight filaments of protein monomers used to attach to substrates

A

Pili

25
Q

Shorter than pili and used for attachment to a substrate

A

Fimbriae

26
Q

Membrane-bound extension of cytoplasm that secretes adhesion factors called “holdfast”

A

Stalk

27
Q

____ enable motility and chemotaxis.

A

Rotary flagella

28
Q

Flagella enhance ____.

A

virulence

29
Q

Prokaryote ribosome sedimentation rate

A

70S

30
Q

Eukaryote ribosome sedimentation rate

A

80S

31
Q

____ moves substances along the cell’s surface.

A

Cilia

32
Q

The cell wall makes a bacterial cell rigid and helps it withstand intracellular ____ that can build up as a result of ____.

A

turgor pressure; osmotic shock

33
Q

Describe a mycobacteria cell wall.

A

Considered Gram-positive, but their envelopes are exceptionally thick and complex, including extra layers not found in other Gram-positive cells.

34
Q

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules?

A) desmosomes
B) centrioles
C) eukaryotic flagella
D) eukaryotic cilia

A

A) Desmosomes

35
Q

Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?

A) active transport
B) pinocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion

A

B) Pinocytosis

36
Q

Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium?

A) mitochondrial DNA
B) mitochondrial ribosomes
C) inner membrane
D) outer membrane

A

D) Outer membrane

37
Q

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) lysosome

A

C) Golgi apparatus

38
Q

Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules
D) fibronectin

A

B) Intermediate filaments

39
Q

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?

A) monotrichous
B) amphitrichous
C) peritrichous
D) lophotrichous

A

D) Lophotrichous

40
Q

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells?

A) lipopolysaccharide
B) teichoic acid
C) mycolic acid
D) peptidoglycan

A

A) Lipopolysaccharide

41
Q

Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply.)

A) endospores
B) cell walls
C) fimbriae
D) capsules
E) flagella
A

C) Fimbriae

D) Capsules

42
Q

True/False

Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to those found in prokaryotic cells.

A

True

43
Q

The assertion that “life only comes from life” was stated by Louis Pasteur in regard to his experiments that definitively refuted the theory of _______.

A

Spontaneous generation

44
Q

The ________ theory states that disease may originate from proximity to decomposing matter and is not due to person-to-person contact.

A

Miasma

45
Q

Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called _________.

A

Bacilli

46
Q

The type of inclusion containing polymerized inorganic phosphate is called ________.

A

volutin (or metachromatic granule)

47
Q

Peroxisomes typically produce _________, a harsh chemical that helps break down molecules.

A

Hydrogen peroxide

48
Q

Microfilaments are composed of _________ monomers.

A

Actin

SAC Microbiology (19 decks)

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