Lecture 15 Flashcards
Which of the following structures is affected by acute otitis media?
A) larynx
B) middle ear
C) alveoli
D) pharynx
B) middle ear
The process by which point mutations cause slight changes in the spike proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the influenza virus is called _______.
A) antigenic drift
B) antigenic shift
C) transduction
D) tranformation
A) antigenic drift
Streptococcus pyogenes
This organism is known to cause pharyngitis and produces toxins that can cause scarlet fever.
Diphtheria
This disease is characterized by cervical lymphadenopothy, fever, and grayish membrane on the throat.
Whooping cough
This disease is caused by Bordetella pertussis and is characterized by violent coughing.
Tuberculosis
The organism that causes this disease can be seen as Ghon complexes in lung x-rays.
Common cold
This is the most frequent URI and can be caused by over 200 viral subtypes.
____ causes strep throat, an infection of the pharynx that also causes high fever and can lead to scarlet fever, acute rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pyogenes
____ is an infection of the middle ear that may be caused by several bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Acute otitis media
____ results from infections that cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli
Bacterial pneumonia
____ is an infection leads to the production of protective tubercles in the alveoli and calcified Ghon complexes that can harbor the bacteria for a long time.
Tuberculosis
Pertussis
Mucus accumulation in the lungs leads to prolonged severe coughing episodes (whooping cough) that facilitate transmission
____ is caused by Coxiella burnetii, whose primary hosts are domesticated mammals (zoonotic disease). It causes pneumonia primarily in farm workers and can lead to serious complications, such as endocarditis.
Q fever
Which of the following is not directly connected to the nasopharynx?
A) middle ear
B) oropharynx
C) lacrimal glands
D) nasal cavity
C) lacrimal glands
What type of cells produce the mucus for the mucous membranes?
A) goblet cells
B) macrophages
C) phagocytes
D) ciliated epithelial cells
A) goblet cells
The _______ separates the upper and lower respiratory tract.
A) bronchi
B) larynx
C) epiglottis
D) palatine tonsil
C) epiglottis
Which microbial virulence factor is most important for attachment to host respiratory tissues?
A) adhesins
B) lipopolysaccharide
C) hyaluronidase
D) capsules
A) adhesins
Which of the following does not involve a bacterial exotoxin?
A) diphtheria
B) whooping cough
C) scarlet fever
D) Q fever
D) Q fever
What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?
A) Q fever
B) tuberculosis
C) diphtheria
D) walking pneumonia
A) Q fever
In which stage of pertussis is the characteristic whooping sound made?
A) convalescence
B) catarrhal
C) paroxysmal
D) prodromal
C) paroxysmal
What is the causative agent of Q fever?
A) Coxiella burnetii
B) Chlamydophila psittaci
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
A) Coxiella burnetii
Which of these microbes causes “walking pneumonia”?
A) Klebsiella pneumoniae
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Chlamydophila pneumoniae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which of the following viruses is not commonly associated with the common cold?
A) coronavirus
B) adenovirus
C) rhinovirus
D) varicella-zoster virus
D) varicella-zoster virus
Which of the following viral diseases has been eliminated from the general population worldwide?
A) smallpox
B) measles
C) German measles
D) influenza
A) smallpox
What term refers to multinucleated cells that form when many host cells fuse together during infections?
A) Ghon elements
B) Reye syndrome
C) Koplik’s spots
D) syncytia
D) syncytia
Which of the following diseases is not
associated with coronavirus infections?
A) Middle East respiratory syndrome
B) German measles
C) the common cold
D) severe acute respiratory syndrome
B) German measles
Which of these viruses is responsible for causing shingles?
A) rubella virus
B) measles virus
C) varicella-zoster virus
D) variola major virus
C) varicella-zoster virus
Many bacterial pathogens produce _____ to evade phagocytosis.
capsules
The main type of antibody in the mucous membrane defenses is _____.
IgA
_____ phagocytize potential pathogens in the lower lung.
Alveolar macrophages
Calcified lesions called _____ form in the lungs of patients with TB.
Ghon complexes
An inflammation of the middle ear is called _____.
Otitis media
The _____ virus is responsible for causing German measles.
Rubella
Why is it easy for upper respiratory infections to spread into the middle ear?
A) The immune system does not have access to the middle ear.
B) Lacrimal ducts lead from the nasal cavity to the middle ear.
C) The mucociliary escalator moves mucus into the middle ear.
D) The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the Eustachian tube.
D) The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the Eustachian tube.
Which of the following would you expect to result in an influenza pandemic?
A) antigenic shift within a type B influenza virus
B) antigenic shift within a type A influenza virus
C) antigenic shift within a type C influenza virus
D) antigenic drift within a type B influenza virus
B) antigenic shift within a type A influenza virus
Why are humans susceptible to both avian and swine flu strains?
A) Humans often live in close proximity to domesticated birds and pigs.
B) The immune system in humans is unable to produce antibodies against either strain.
C) The human respiratory tract contains cell membrane receptors that bind both strains.
D) International travel puts humans in contact with flu strains in various environments.
C) The human respiratory tract contains cell membrane receptors that bind both strains.
Which of the following preventive measures is most likely to prevent viral diseases of the respiratory system?
A) drinking water
B) hand washing
C) annual vaccines
D) taking prophylactic antibiotics
B) hand washing
